Molecular and Cellular Insights: A Focus on Glycans and the HNK1 Epitope in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Insights into Transcription Patterns and Gene Expression in Normal and Pathological Neurodevelopment
2.1. miRNAs
2.2. Slit/Robo Signaling and HNK1
2.3. Mecanisms of Genetic Expression Regulation Implicated in Normal and Pathological Neurodevelopment
2.4. GlycoRNA
3. Insights into the Maternofetal Interface: HNK1 and Placental Glycosylation Processes
3.1. Slit/Robo in the Uterus and Placenta
3.2. Involvement of Other Glycan Epitopes That Bind to the Siglec Family: CD22, CD24, CD33, and CD45
3.3. Autoimmunity and Antibodies at the Maternofetal Interface
4. Insights on HNK1 Expression in Organs
4.1. In Eye Formation
4.2. In the Brain
4.2.1. RPTP Signaling
4.2.2. SHANK and Ankyrin Protein
4.2.3. NMDA Signaling
4.2.4. Slit/Robo Signaling
4.2.5. Astrocytes
4.3. In Other Organs
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hours, C.M.; Gil, S.; Gressens, P. Molecular and Cellular Insights: A Focus on Glycans and the HNK1 Epitope in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015139
Hours CM, Gil S, Gressens P. Molecular and Cellular Insights: A Focus on Glycans and the HNK1 Epitope in Autism Spectrum Disorder. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(20):15139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015139
Chicago/Turabian StyleHours, Camille M., Sophie Gil, and Pierre Gressens. 2023. "Molecular and Cellular Insights: A Focus on Glycans and the HNK1 Epitope in Autism Spectrum Disorder" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20: 15139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015139