Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General Considerations
2.2. EPS-AN8 Decreases Cd Deposition/Accumulation in Tissues and Increases in Feces
2.3. EPS-AN8 Reduces Histopathological Changes in Tissues
2.4. EPS-AN8 Mitigates Cd Induced Oxidative Stress in Duodenum
2.5. EPS-AN8 Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Cytokine Response in the Duodenum
2.6. EPS-AN8 Reverses Cd-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strain, Media, and Growth Conditions
4.2. Isolation and Purification of Exopolysaccharide
4.3. Animals
4.4. Cadmium and EPS Treatment
4.5. Cadmium Determination
4.6. Histology
4.7. Preparation of Duodenal Homogenates
4.8. Lipid Peroxidation
4.9. Determination of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Reduced Glutathione (GSH)
4.10. Measurement of Catalase (CAT) Activity
4.11. Cytokine Determination
4.12. Duodenum DNA Extraction
4.13. Data Display and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anosim | R Value | p Value |
---|---|---|
Control: 5 ppm Cd | 0.4625 | 0.0479 |
Control: EPS-AN8/5 ppm Cd | 0.212 | 0.046 |
5 ppm Cd-: EPS-AN8/5 ppm Cd | 0.3563 | 0.073 |
Control: 50 ppm Cd | 0.5 | 0.0239 |
Control: EPS-AN8/50 ppm Cd | 0.468 | 0.0085 |
50 ppm Cd: EPS-AN8/50 ppm Cd | 0.075 | 0.285 |
Adonis | R2 Value | p Value |
---|---|---|
Control: 5 ppm Cd | 0.3268 | 0.024 |
Control: EPS-AN8/5 ppm Cd | 0.2426 | 0.035 |
5 ppm Cd-: EPS-AN8/5 ppm Cd | 0.3088 | 0.052 |
Control: 5 ppm Cd | 0.2909 | 0.032 |
Control: EPS-AN8/50 ppm Cd | 0.3838 | 0.008 |
50 ppm Cd: EPS-AN8/50 ppm Cd | 0.143 | 0.312 |
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Brdarić, E.; Popović, D.; Soković Bajić, S.; Tucović, D.; Mutić, J.; Čakić-Milošević, M.; Đurđić, S.; Tolinački, M.; Aleksandrov, A.P.; Golić, N.; et al. Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032845
Brdarić E, Popović D, Soković Bajić S, Tucović D, Mutić J, Čakić-Milošević M, Đurđić S, Tolinački M, Aleksandrov AP, Golić N, et al. Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032845
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrdarić, Emilija, Dušanka Popović, Svetlana Soković Bajić, Dina Tucović, Jelena Mutić, Maja Čakić-Milošević, Slađana Đurđić, Maja Tolinački, Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov, Nataša Golić, and et al. 2023. "Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032845