Simultaneous Administration of Bevacizumab with Bee-Pollen Extract-Loaded Hybrid Protein Hydrogel NPs Is a Promising Targeted Strategy against Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Flavonoid Composition of PCIBP and EPCIBP by HPLC
2.2. Characterization of EPCIBP
2.3. Determination of the Loading and Targeting Capacity of the EPCIBP Conjugated by FA
2.4. Antiproliferative Effect In Vitro Using A549 Cells
2.5. Antiproliferative Effect In Vitro Using MCF-7 Cells
2.6. Cytotoxic Synergism of Bev. with EPCIBP in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells
2.7. Expression of Apoptotic Genes in Untreated and Treated A549 Cell Lines
2.8. Expression of the HRAS mRNA Gene in Untreated and Treated A549 Cells
2.9. Expression of MAPK mRNA in Untreated and Treated A549 Cells
2.10. Cancer Bio-Image
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Extraction of a Polyphenolic Compound from Bee Pollen
4.2. Synthesis of Encapsulation of Polyphenolic Compound Isolated from Bee Pollen (EPCIBP)
4.3. Characterization of PCIBP and EPCIBP
4.3.1. HPLC for PCIBP and EPCIBP
4.3.2. UV Spectrophotometer of PCIBP and EPCIBP
4.3.3. Nanosize and Zeta Potential Measurements of PCIBP and EPCIBP
4.3.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for EPCIBP
4.3.5. Characterization of FA
4.3.6. FTIR Experiment
4.4. Cellular Uptake and Targeting Capacity
4.5. MTT Analysis/Cell Proliferation Assay
4.5.1. Combination Therapy Bioassay
4.5.2. Drug Combination Analysis
4.6. RNA Isolation and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.7. Cancer Bio-Image
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Flavonoids | PCIBP | EPCIBP |
---|---|---|
Conc. (µg/mL) | Conc. (µg/mL) | |
Gallic acid | 1.38 ± 0.06 | 5.59 ± 0.35 |
Chlorogenic acid | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.01 |
Catechin | 1.42 ± 0.01 | 0.64 ± 0.01 |
Methyl gallate | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.055 ± 0.001 |
Caffeic acid | 0.09 ± 0.001 | 0.37 ± 0.01 |
Syringic acid | 3.84 ± 0. 5 | 2.03 ± 0.02 |
Rutin | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 |
Pyro catechol | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.01 |
Coumaric acid | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.01 |
Vanillin | 0.082 ± 0.004 | 0.083 ± 0.001 |
Ferulic acid | 0.39 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 |
Cinnamic acid | 3.89 ± 0.16 | 4.21 ± 0.19 |
Naringenin | 0.31 ± 0.005 | 0.44 ± 0.01 |
Quercetin | 6.43 ± 0.18 | 5.23 ± 0.01 |
Taxifolin | 0.7 ± 0.07 | 2.52 ± 0.15 |
IC50 Dose 26.1 µg/mL Bev. | IC50 Dose 132.4 µg/mL EPCIBP | Effect (Mean Cell Viability) | CI * | Drug–Drug Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | 1.0 | 0.4891 | 0.01771 | Synergistic <1 |
4.0 | 1.0 | 0.7081 | 0.08764 | Synergistic <1 |
1.0 | 4.0 | 0.1471 | 0.01305 | Synergistic <1 |
9.0 | 1.0 | 0.8995 | 0.40409 | Synergistic <1 |
1.0 | 9.0 | 0.8839 | 0.28923 | Synergistic <1 |
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Hanafy, N.A.N.; Eltonouby, E.A.B.; Salim, E.I.; Mahfouz, M.E.; Leporatti, S.; Hafez, E.H. Simultaneous Administration of Bevacizumab with Bee-Pollen Extract-Loaded Hybrid Protein Hydrogel NPs Is a Promising Targeted Strategy against Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043548
Hanafy NAN, Eltonouby EAB, Salim EI, Mahfouz ME, Leporatti S, Hafez EH. Simultaneous Administration of Bevacizumab with Bee-Pollen Extract-Loaded Hybrid Protein Hydrogel NPs Is a Promising Targeted Strategy against Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043548
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanafy, Nemany A. N., Eman Ali Bakr Eltonouby, Elsayed I. Salim, Magdy E. Mahfouz, Stefano Leporatti, and Ezar H. Hafez. 2023. "Simultaneous Administration of Bevacizumab with Bee-Pollen Extract-Loaded Hybrid Protein Hydrogel NPs Is a Promising Targeted Strategy against Cancer Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043548