A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. MLST Analysis
2.2. cgMLST Analysis
2.3. Assessment of Virulence Factor Genotypes across Different Sublineages
2.4. Antimicrobial Resistance and Stress Tolerance Genes
2.5. Comparison of Isolates from Food and A Food-Production Environment with Human L. monocytogenes
2.6. Detection of Prophage Regions and Plasmid
2.7. Collinearity Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. Library Preparation and Sequencing
4.3. MLST and cgMLST Characterization
4.4. Identification of Virulence-, Antimicrobial-, and Stress-Related Genes
4.5. Prophage and Plasmids Identification
4.6. Collinearity Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Source | Year of Isolation | Clonal Complex | Sublineage | cgMLST Type | Serogroup |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lm_1 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC8 | SL8 | CT1151 | IIa |
Lm_2 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC8 | SL8 | CT1151 | IIa |
Lm_3 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC121 | SL121 | CT909 | IIa |
Lm_4 | food processing premises | 2018 | CC101 | SL101 | CT11711 | IIa |
Lm_5 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC121 | SL121 | CT909 | IIa |
Lm_6 | food processing premises | 2018 | CC59 | SL59 | CT2283 | IIb |
Lm_7 | raw salmon | 2018 | CC193 | SL193 | CT11716 | IIa |
Lm_8 | raw salmon | 2018 | CC6 | SL6 | CT5641 | IVb |
Lm_9 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC31 | SL31 | CT7227 | IIa |
Lm_10 | food processing premises | 2018 | CC77 | SL77 | CT11718 | IIb |
Lm_11 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC8 | SL8 | CT1151 | IIa |
Lm_12 | food processing premises | 2018 | CC37 | SL37 | CT11717 | IIa |
Lm_13 | food processing premises | 2018 | CC6 | SL6 | CT443 | IVb |
Lm_14 | raw salmon | 2018 | CC8 | SL8 | CT7220 | IIa |
Lm_15 | raw salmon | 2018 | CC9 | SL9 | CT1824 | IIc |
Lm_16 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC121 | SL121 | CT893 | IIa |
Lm_17 | smoked salmon | 2018 | CC87 | SL87 | CT58 | IIb |
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Zakrzewski, A.J.; Kurpas, M.; Zadernowska, A.; Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, W.; Fraqueza, M.J. A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043581
Zakrzewski AJ, Kurpas M, Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Fraqueza MJ. A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043581
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakrzewski, Arkadiusz Józef, Monika Kurpas, Anna Zadernowska, Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, and Maria João Fraqueza. 2023. "A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043581
APA StyleZakrzewski, A. J., Kurpas, M., Zadernowska, A., Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, W., & Fraqueza, M. J. (2023). A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043581