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Review

Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis

by
Victor Markus
1,
Abraham Abbey Paul
2,
Kerem Teralı
3,
Nazmi Özer
4,
Robert S. Marks
2,5,
Karina Golberg
2,* and
Ariel Kushmaro
2,5,6,*
1
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
2
Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
3
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia 99258, Cyprus
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia 99428, Cyprus
5
The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
6
School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043722
Submission received: 29 December 2022 / Revised: 3 February 2023 / Accepted: 11 February 2023 / Published: 13 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology)
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Abstract

An imbalance in gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has been shown to affect host health. Several factors, including dietary changes, have been reported to cause dysbiosis with its associated pathologies that include inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, depression, and autism. We recently demonstrated the inhibitory effects of artificial sweeteners on bacterial quorum sensing (QS) and proposed that QS inhibition may be one mechanism behind such dysbiosis. QS is a complex network of cell–cell communication that is mediated by small diffusible molecules known as autoinducers (AIs). Using AIs, bacteria interact with one another and coordinate their gene expression based on their population density for the benefit of the whole community or one group over another. Bacteria that cannot synthesize their own AIs secretly “listen” to the signals produced by other bacteria, a phenomenon known as “eavesdropping”. AIs impact gut microbiota equilibrium by mediating intra- and interspecies interactions as well as interkingdom communication. In this review, we discuss the role of QS in normobiosis (the normal balance of bacteria in the gut) and how interference in QS causes gut microbial imbalance. First, we present a review of QS discovery and then highlight the various QS signaling molecules used by bacteria in the gut. We also explore strategies that promote gut bacterial activity via QS activation and provide prospects for the future.
Keywords: gut; bacteria; quorum sensing; autoinducers; normobiosis; dysbiosis; health gut; bacteria; quorum sensing; autoinducers; normobiosis; dysbiosis; health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Markus, V.; Paul, A.A.; Teralı, K.; Özer, N.; Marks, R.S.; Golberg, K.; Kushmaro, A. Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043722

AMA Style

Markus V, Paul AA, Teralı K, Özer N, Marks RS, Golberg K, Kushmaro A. Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043722

Chicago/Turabian Style

Markus, Victor, Abraham Abbey Paul, Kerem Teralı, Nazmi Özer, Robert S. Marks, Karina Golberg, and Ariel Kushmaro. 2023. "Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043722

APA Style

Markus, V., Paul, A. A., Teralı, K., Özer, N., Marks, R. S., Golberg, K., & Kushmaro, A. (2023). Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043722

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