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Review

MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 4117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044117
Submission received: 21 January 2023 / Revised: 8 February 2023 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 18 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)

Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK, MAP3K) is located upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway and is responsible for receiving and transmitting external signals to the downstream MAPKKs. Although a large number of MAP3K genes play important roles in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses, only a few members’ functions and cascade signaling pathways have been clarified, and the downstream MAPKKs and MAPKs of most MAP3Ks are still unknown. As more and more signaling pathways are discovered, the function and regulatory mechanism of MAP3K genes will become clearer. In this paper, the MAP3K genes in plants were classified and the members and basic characteristics of each subfamily of MAP3K were briefly described. Moreover, the roles of plant MAP3Ks in regulating plant growth and development and stress (abiotic and biotic) responses are described in detail. In addition, the roles of MAP3Ks involved in plant hormones signal transduction pathway were briefly introduced, and the future research focus was prospected.
Keywords: MAPKKK; abiotic stress; biotic stress; plant growth MAPKKK; abiotic stress; biotic stress; plant growth

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Xie, C.; Yang, L.; Gai, Y. MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044117

AMA Style

Xie C, Yang L, Gai Y. MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044117

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xie, Chen, Liu Yang, and Yingping Gai. 2023. "MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044117

APA Style

Xie, C., Yang, L., & Gai, Y. (2023). MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044117

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