Oxidative Status Determines the Cytotoxicity of Ascorbic Acid in Human Oral Normal and Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Effect of Ascorbate on the Metabolic Activity, Cell-Cycle Profile, and Cellular Proliferation in OECM-1 and SG Cells
2.2. Modulation of Oxidative-Stress Proteins and Cell Density by Ascorbatein OECM-1 and SG Cells
2.3. The Effect of Ascorbate on Cytosolic and Mitochondrial ROS Generation in OECM-1 and SG Cells
2.4. The Combination Index between Cisplatin and Ascorbate in OECM-1 and SG Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture and Chemicals
4.2. Cell Viability Analysis
4.3. Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for Flow Cytometry Analyses of Cell-Cycle Profiles, Proliferation, and ROS
4.4. Mitochondrial-Membrane Potential (MMP) Analysis
4.5. Western Blotting Analysis
4.6. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Primer Sequence (5′→3′) |
---|---|
cyclin D1 | Forward: 5′-ATGGAACACCAGCTCC-3′ Reverse: 5′-TCAGATGTCCACGTCCCGC-3′ |
β-actin | Forward: 5′-GTGGGGCGCCCCAGGCACCA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CTCCTTAATGTCACGCACGATTTC-3′ |
p21 | Forward: 5′-CTGAGCCGCGACTGTGATGCG-3′ Reverse: 5′-GGTCTGCCGCCGTTTTCGACC-3′ |
p53 | Forward: 5′-CTCTGACTGTACCACCATCCACTA-3′ Reverse: 3′-GAGTTCCAAGGCCTCATTCAGCTC-3′ |
VEGF | Forward: 5′-GGACATCTTCCAGGAGTACC-3′ Reverse: 5′-GTTCCCGAAACCCTGAGGG-3′ |
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Huang, W.-Z.; Liu, T.-M.; Liu, S.-T.; Chen, S.-Y.; Huang, S.-M.; Chen, G.-S. Oxidative Status Determines the Cytotoxicity of Ascorbic Acid in Human Oral Normal and Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054851
Huang W-Z, Liu T-M, Liu S-T, Chen S-Y, Huang S-M, Chen G-S. Oxidative Status Determines the Cytotoxicity of Ascorbic Acid in Human Oral Normal and Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054851
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Wei-Zhi, Ting-Ming Liu, Shu-Ting Liu, Ssu-Yu Chen, Shih-Ming Huang, and Gunng-Shinng Chen. 2023. "Oxidative Status Determines the Cytotoxicity of Ascorbic Acid in Human Oral Normal and Cancer Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 4851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054851