The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto’s Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of Selected Parameters of Peripheral Blood Morphology and Thyroid Function in Patients with HD and Healthy Volunteers
2.2. Characteristics of the Percentage of Selected Populations of Immune Cells Expressing TLR2 and Soluble Toll-like Receptor 2 (sTLR2) Concentration in the Plasma of Patients with HD in Relation to the Control Group
2.3. Correlation Analysis of the Percentage of Tested Immune System Cells Expressing TLR2 and sTLR2 Concentration in Relation to Selected Biochemical Indices Determining the Functioning of the Thyroid Gland
2.4. Analysis of the Potential of TLR2 in the Context of Diagnostic Accuracy in Differentiating Patients with HD
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Characteristics of Patients and Control Groups
4.2. The Assessment of the Population of DC and Monocytes in Peripheral Blood
4.3. Quantification of the sTLR in the Plasma of Patients by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parametrs | Patients with HD (n = 35) | Healthy Volunteers (n = 20) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | ||
WBC [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 4.37–10.00) | 6.15 ± 2.05 | 6.38 (2.53–10.62) | 6.49 ± 2.01 | 6.11 (4.19–10.62) | 0.815 |
LYM [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 1.18–3.74) | 1.68 ± 0.60 | 1.63 (0.76–3.27) | 2.42 ± 0.48 | 2.29 (1.29–3.42) | 0.000 * |
MON [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 0.24–0.63) | 0.52 ± 0.19 | 0.49 (0.20–0.82) | 0.50 ± 0.15 | 0.44 (0.25–0.82) | 0.633 |
NEU [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 1.56–6.13) | 3.49 ± 1.38 | 3.59 (0.91–5.47) | 3.45 ± 1.18 | 3.22 (1.59–5.47) | 0.842 |
EOS [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 0.04–0.36) | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.12 (0.05–0.43) | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.10 (0.04–0.43) | 0.450 |
BAS [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 0.01–0.08) | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.03 (0.00–0.06) | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) | 0.951 |
RBC [106/mm3] (Normal Range: 3.93–5.22) | 4.55 ± 0.31 | 4.58 (3.91–5.66) | 4.45 ± 0.49 | 4.47 (3.81–5.66) | 0.095 |
HGB [g/dL] (Normal Range: 11.20–15.70) | 13.34 ± 0.91 | 13.30 (11.10–14.70) | 13.08 ± 0.96 | 13.20 (11.60–14.70) | 0.609 |
PLT [103/mm3] (Normal Range: 150.00–400.00) | 291.86 ± 73.27 | 299.00 (128.00–387.00) | 261.55 ± 52.03 | 246.00 (182.00–387.00) | 0.126 |
TSH [µL/mL] (Normal Range: 0.30–3.00) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 (0.00–0.09) | 2.67 ± 0.80 | 2.71 (0.92–3.98) | 0.000 * |
fT3 [pg/mL] (Normal Range: 2.00–4.40) | 11.75 ± 5.14 | 11.14 (6.90–31.79) | 4.98 ± 0.87 | 4.97 (3.60–6.40) | 0.000 * |
fT4 [ng/dL] (Normal Range: 0.93–1.70) | 35.49 ± 16.02 | 30.95 (19.05–82.22) | 17.09 ± 2.39 | 17.04 (11.47–21.47) | 0.000 * |
Parametrs | Patients with HD (n = 35) | Healthy Volunteers (n = 20) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | ||
mDC BDCA-1+CD19− in PB [%] | 1.02 ± 0.36 | 1.02 (0.44–1.82) | 0.54 ± 0.29 | 0.53 (0.13–1.10) | 0.0000 * |
pDC BDCA-2+CD123+ in PB [%] | 0.49 ± 0.36 | 0.40 (0.02–1.54) | 0.23 ± 0.24 | 0.15 (0.01–0.97) | 0.0000 * |
mDC BDCA-1+CD19−TLR2+ in PB [%] | 20.12 ± 7.60 | 20.20 (7.50–35.40) | 5.04 ± 3.49 | 4.30 (1.30–13.70) | 0.0000 * |
pDC BDCA-2+CD123+TLR2+ in PB [%] | 13.33 ± 6.12 | 12.60 (5.90–27.80) | 4.24 ± 2.93 | 3.60 (1.40–11.50) | 0.0004 * |
Classical MONs CD14+CD16− in PB [%] | 85.80 ± 4.70 | 87.10 (75.50–94.50) | 93.10 ± 2.40 | 95.5 (88.30–95.40) | 0.028 * |
Non-classical MONs CD14+CD16+ in PB [%] | 9.9 ± 4.9 | 8.5 (3.1–20.5) | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 3.6 (2.2–10.3) | 0.2200 |
Classical MONs CD14+CD16−TLR2+ in PB [%] | 15.9 ± 12.9 | 11.9 (2.5–43.4) | 4.33 ± 1.96 | 4.00 (2.00–9.10) | 0.0003 * |
Non-classical MONs CD14+CD16+TLR2+ in PB [%] | 18.42 ± 14.85 | 15.80 (1.10–50.80) | 5.34 ± 2.73 | 4.80 (1.80–9.90) | 0.0007 * |
TLR2 plasma concentration [ng/mL] | 32.19 ± 13.34 | 30.4 (14.40–56.90) | 4.98 ± 3.87 | 4.6 (0.7–13.9) | 0.000 * |
Parameter | Prognostic Value | Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) | 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|
TSH serum concentration [µL/mL] | 0.02 | 0.81 | 0.66–0.96 |
Frequencies of classical MONs CD14+CD16− in the PB [%] | 86.32 | 0.92 | 0.81–1.0 |
Frequencies of classical MONs CD14+CD16−TLR2+ in the PB [%] | 20.02 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Frequencies of non-classical MONs CD14+CD16+ in the PB [%] | 8.3 | 0.89 | 0.79–0.998 |
Frequencies of non-classical MONs CD14+CD16+TLR2+ in the PB [%] | 20.09 | 0.96 | 0.88–1.0 |
Parametrs | Patients with HD (n = 35) | Healthy Volunteers (n = 20) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | Mean ± SD | Median (Range) | |
Age (years) | 41.00 ± 16.21 | 36.00 (22.00–95.00) | 39.30 ± 11.30 | 36.00 (23.00–65.00) |
TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb) [U/L] | 12.17 ± 9.69 | 9.75 (1.70–39.40) | 1.65 ± 0.69 | 1.45 (0.59–1.86) |
anti-TPO antibodies [U/mL] | 1272.36 ± 551.83 | 1322.70 (13.70–1873.70) | 1.69 ± 0.31 | 1.54 (0.74–4.51) |
anti-TG antibodies [U/mL] | 255.81 ± 292.77 | 160.77 (10.00–1360.00) | 1.31 ± 0.27 | 1.58 (0.89–3.11) |
Thyroid gland volume [mL] | 20.47 ± 8.32 | 20.35 (13.30–47.60) | not applicable | |
fT3 [pg/mL] | 11.75 ± 5.14 | 11.14 (6.90–31.79) | 4.98 ± 0.87 | 4.97 (3.60–6.40) |
fT4 [ng/dL] | 35.49 ± 16.02 | 30.95 (19.05–82.22) | 17.09 ± 2.39 | 17.04 (11.47–21.47) |
TSH [µL/mL] | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 (0.00–0.09) | 2.67 ± 0.80 | 2.71 (0.92–3.98) |
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Klatka, M.; Polak, A.; Mertowska, P.; Mertowski, S.; Łyczba, J.; Hymos, A.; Korona-Głowniak, I.; Grywalska, E. The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto’s Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065344
Klatka M, Polak A, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Łyczba J, Hymos A, Korona-Głowniak I, Grywalska E. The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto’s Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065344
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlatka, Maria, Agnieszka Polak, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Jakub Łyczba, Anna Hymos, Izabela Korona-Głowniak, and Ewelina Grywalska. 2023. "The Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in the Development and Progression of Hashimoto’s Disease (HD): A Case Study on Female Patients in Poland" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065344