A Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Related Index Associate with Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Immune Environment of Prostate Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of Differentially Expressed LRGs and Functional Enrichment
2.2. Identification of Three Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Based Molecular Clusters
2.3. Development and Verification of a Novel Index Related to Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation for Predicting BCRFS
2.4. Subgroup Survival Analysis
2.5. Clinicopathologic Characteristics, Caner Stemness Functional Enrichment, Cancer Stemness and Tumor Immune Microenvironment
2.6. Anti-Cancer Drug Sensitivity Prediction
2.7. Validation mRNA Expression Levels of Risk Genes Using UALCAN Database
2.8. Verification of Relative mRNA Expression Levels of Risk DELRGs in RWPE-1 and PCa Cell Lines by Conducting qRT-PCR
2.9. Verification of the Relative Protein Expression Levels of Six DELRGs in PCa Tissue through IHC Staining
2.10. Inhibition of FUS Could Reduce Proliferation, Migration and Invasion, and Promote Apoptosis of PCa Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Data Collection and Preprocessing
4.2. Identification of Differentially Expressed LRGs (DELRGs) and Functional Enrichment
4.3. Establishment of LLPS-Related Molecular Clusters by Consensus Clustering Analysis
4.4. Establishment and Verification of a Novel LLPS-Related Prognostic Index for Prostate Cancer
4.5. Association of the LLPS-Related Signature with Clinicopathologic Features, Tumor Stemness Scores, Immune Microenvironment, and Functional Enrichment
4.6. Drug Sensitivity of Risk DELRGs
4.7. Validation of Risk Genes Using UALCAN
4.8. Cell Culture
4.9. Quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.10. Immunohistochemical (IHC) Staining
4.11. RNA Interference
4.12. Western Blotting
4.13. CCK-8 Viability Assays
4.14. Transwell Migration and Invasion Assays
4.15. Flow Cytometry
4.16. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Training Cohort | Testing Cohort | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 60.87 ± 6.59 | 60.98 ± 6.86 | 0.869 |
T stage | — | — | 0.349 |
T2a | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | — |
T2b | 4 (2.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | — |
T2c | 62 (30.4%) | 73 (36.3%) | — |
T3a | 69 (33.7%) | 62 (30.8%) | — |
T3b | 62 (30.4%) | 52 (25.9%) | — |
T4 | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | — |
Unknown | 4 (2.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | — |
N stage | — | — | 0.252 |
N0 | 148 (72.6%) | 142 (70.7%) | — |
N1 | 34 (16.7%) | 27 (13.4%) | — |
Unknown | 32 (15.7%) | 32 (15.9%) | — |
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You, Q.; Chen, J.-Y.; Wu, X.-H.; Xue, Y.-T.; Sun, J.-B.; Wei, Y.; Zheng, Q.-S.; Xue, X.-Y.; Chen, D.-N.; Xu, N. A Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Related Index Associate with Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Immune Environment of Prostate Cancer Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065515
You Q, Chen J-Y, Wu X-H, Xue Y-T, Sun J-B, Wei Y, Zheng Q-S, Xue X-Y, Chen D-N, Xu N. A Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Related Index Associate with Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Immune Environment of Prostate Cancer Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065515
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Qi, Jia-Yin Chen, Xiao-Hui Wu, Yu-Ting Xue, Jiang-Bo Sun, Yong Wei, Qing-Shui Zheng, Xue-Yi Xue, Dong-Ning Chen, and Ning Xu. 2023. "A Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Related Index Associate with Biochemical Recurrence and Tumor Immune Environment of Prostate Cancer Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065515