Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Synthesis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphology, Surface Parameters, and Particle Analysis
3.2. Structural Analysis
3.3. Surface Chemical Studies
4. Biological Studies
4.1. Microbial Activity of Newly Synthesized NCs
4.2. Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Response to NC Stress
4.3. Statistical Data Exploration
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Structural Analysis
5.2. Morphological Studies and Chemical Composition
5.3. Estimation of Nanoparticles Size
5.4. Determination of Nanoparticle Surface Charge
5.5. Determination of the Surface Area, Pore Volume, and Pore Diameter
5.6. Microbial Studies
5.6.1. Bacterial Strains and Toxicological Studies
5.6.2. Antioxidant Enzymes Response to NC Treatment
5.7. Statistical Analysis
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P = 150 W | P = 700 W | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
t = 60 s | t = 150 s | t = 60 s | t = 150 s | |
Ag-S1 | AR1.1 | AR1.2 | AR1.3 | AR1.4 |
Ag-S2 | AR1.5 | AR1.6 | AR1.7 | AR1.8 |
Sample Code | dH (nm) | PDI (-) | z (mV) |
---|---|---|---|
AR1.1 | 146.3 ± 4.8 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | −39.9 ± 0.93 |
AR1.2 | 150.9 ± 10.1 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | −37.6 ± 0.86 |
AR1.3 | 161.2 ± 3.8 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | −37.5 ± 1.28 |
AR1.4 | 154.0 ± 7.5 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | −38.6 ± 1.45 |
AR1.5 | 151.4 ± 3.2 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | −38.5 ± 1.99 |
AR1.6 | 159.2 ± 10.6 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | −37.2 ± 0.28 |
AR1.7 | 140.1 ± 6.1 | 0.36 ± 0.03 | −37.0 ± 1.79 |
AR1.8 | 160.8 ± 7.5 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | −38.8 ± 0.65 |
Sample Code | SSABET (m2/g) | Vp (ml/g) * | SP (m2/g) ** | Dpore (nm) | TPV (cm3/g) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AR1.1 | 106.45 ± 0.36 | 0.00326 | 9.60 | 47.02 | 1.2514 | 75.02 |
AR1.2 | 109.66 ± 0.56 | 0.00622 | 15.69 | 35.78 | 0.9808 | 70.19 |
AR1.3 | 100.70 ± 0.43 | 0.00459 | 11.97 | 43.56 | 1.1713 | 73.76 |
AR1.4 | 106.41 ± 0.55 | 0.00594 | 15.03 | 32.37 | 0.8612 | 67.39 |
AR1.5 | 96.04 ± 0.51 | 0.00561 | 14.16 | 51.17 | 1.2288 | 74.68 |
AR1.6 | 112.90 ± 0.56 | 0.00613 | 15.61 | 34.99 | 0.9878 | 70.33 |
AR1.7 | 100.33 ± 0.57 | 0.00465 | 12.50 | 46.69 | 1.0967 | 72.47 |
AR1.8 | 108.04 ± 0.57 | 0.00607 | 15.32 | 35.76 | 0.9659 | 69.86 |
Sample Code | SEM-EDS | TEM-EDS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O (at.%) | Si (at.%) | Ag (at.%) | O (at.%) | Si (at.%) | Ag (at.%) | |
AR1.1 | 75.0 (4.6) | 21.8 (5.0) | 3.2 (1.2) | 77.2 (13.1) | 12.9 (2.9) | 9.9 (1.5) |
AR1.2 | 77.5 (3.2) | 20.2 (3.0) | 2.4 (1.5) | 85.1 (4.6) | 14.1 (4.5) | 0.8 (0.5) |
AR1.3 | 73.9 (4.5) | 23.0 (5.2) | 3.1 (0.9) | 78.0 (4.9) | 19.8 (3.7) | 2.2 (1.3) |
AR1.4 | 76.2 (1.0) | 20.0 (1.4) | 3.8 (0.6) | 78.4 (1.0) | 21.1 (0.8) | 0.5 (0.2) |
AR1.5 | 78.7 (0.7) | 18.9 (1.2) | 2.4 (0.6) | 75.9 (8.7) | 15.2 (1.6) | 8.9 (3.9) |
AR1.6 | 76.7 (1.8) | 20.9 (1.4) | 2.5 (0.4) | 83.3 (1.9) | 16.0 (1.8) | 0.6 (0.2) |
AR1.7 | 74.3 (1.5) | 24.7 (1.1) | 0.9 (0.6) | 82.8 (2.4) | 16.8 (2.0) | 0.4 (0.2) |
AR1.8 | 74.2 (1.2) | 23.0 (1.8) | 2.8 (1.0) | 83.9 (2.8) | 16.0 (2.8) | 0.1 (0.1) |
Sample Code | Ag NP Diameter (nm) | % Spherical NPs |
---|---|---|
AR1.1 | 2.35 ± 0.04 | 100% |
AR1.2 | 5.61 ± 0.35 | 96% |
AR1.3 | 4.82 ± 0.55 | 46% |
AR1.4 | 6.31 ± 0.38 | 67% |
AR1.5 | 1.73 ± 0.04 | 100% |
AR1.6 | 2.10 ± 0.10 | 98% |
AR1.7 | 2.13 ± 0.05 | 59% |
AR1.8 | 3.09 ± 0.05 | 65% |
Phase (Space Group) | Ag2CO3 (P21) | Ag2CO3 (P31c) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lattice Parameters | a0 (Å) | b0 (Å) | c0 (Å) | β (°) | a0 (Å) | c0 (Å) |
AR1.1 | 3.255(7) | 9.547(7) | 4.855(1) | 92.20(2) | 9.189(8) | 6.405(4) |
AR1.2 | 3.258(4) | 9.561(5) | 4.8656(3) | 92.20(7) | 9.201(2) | 6.411(7) |
AR1.3 | 3.251(7) | 9.609(1) | 4.876(9) | 91.98(2) | 9.198(8) | 6.405(1) |
AR1.4 | 3.263(6) | 9.557(8) | 4.866(1) | 92.22(2) | 9.204(1) | 6.421(4) |
AR1.5 | 3.255(9) | 9.545(9) | 4.863(6) | 92.25(1) | 9.194(7) | 6.404(9) |
AR1.6 | 3.258(9) | 9.559(1) | 4.861(1) | 92.13(6) | 9.200(1) | 6.413(3) |
AR1.7 | 3.255(9) | 9.558(4) | 4.864(1) | 92.15(2) | 9.198(4) | 6.406(8) |
AR1.8 | 3.260(1) | 9.560(9) | 4.865(9) | 92.13(1) | 9.204(5) | 6.414(2) |
(at.%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Code | C 1s | O 1s | Si 2p | Ag 3d |
AR 1.1 | 5.31 | 63.99 | 30.42 | 0.28 |
AR 1.2 | 3.55 | 64.28 | 32.07 | 0.10 |
AR 1.3 | 2.49 | 64.15 | 32.67 | 0.69 |
AR 1.4 | 2.41 | 65.35 | 32.03 | 0.20 |
AR 1.5 | 2.97 | 64.79 | 31.92 | 0.32 |
AR 1.6 | 4.60 | 62.79 | 32.44 | 0.17 |
AR 1.7 | 3.42 | 64.58 | 31.49 | 0.51 |
AR 1.8 | 2.58 | 64.32 | 33.00 | 0.10 |
MBC (mg L−1) | IC50 (mg L−1) | |
---|---|---|
AR1.1 | 25/10/25 | 5.35/1.83/7.21 |
AR1.2 | 5/10/10 | 2.11/5.43/5.95 |
AR1.3 | 25/5/25 | 1.28/1.22/7.97 |
AR1.4 | 7.5/1.5/10 | 5.32/6.11/2 |
AR1.5 | 25/10/25 | 13.30/5.54/10.69 |
AR1.6 | 2.5/10/7.5 | 0.31/0.67/1.69 |
AR1.7 | 25/10/10 | 12.66/3.75/4.87 |
AR1.8 | 5/10/7.5 | 1.18/7.79/0.41 |
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Strach, A.; Dulski, M.; Wasilkowski, D.; Metryka, O.; Nowak, A.; Matus, K.; Dudek, K.; Rawicka, P.; Kubacki, J.; Waloszczyk, N.; et al. Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076632
Strach A, Dulski M, Wasilkowski D, Metryka O, Nowak A, Matus K, Dudek K, Rawicka P, Kubacki J, Waloszczyk N, et al. Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076632
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrach, Aleksandra, Mateusz Dulski, Daniel Wasilkowski, Oliwia Metryka, Anna Nowak, Krzysztof Matus, Karolina Dudek, Patrycja Rawicka, Jerzy Kubacki, Natalia Waloszczyk, and et al. 2023. "Microwave Irradiation vs. Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Features of Porous Environmentally Active Silver–Silica Nanocomposites" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076632