Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Changes in ECM-Related Genes in SC Adipose Tissues following Surgery-Induced Body Weight Loss
2.2. Expression of ECM Components and Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Obese Male and Female Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Cohort 1 Adipose Tissues
4.2. Human Cohort 2 Adipose Tissues
4.3. RNA Sequencing of Human Cohort 2
4.4. Animal Experiment
4.5. RNA Isolation and Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of Mouse Adipose Tissue
4.6. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Definition | Fold Change | D[i] | De[i] | Delta[i] | FSN[i] | FDR[i] | q-val[i] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHSY1 | 22856 | Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 | −2.04 | −7.83 | −2.013 | 5.824 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HAS2 | 3037 | Hyaluronan synthase 2 | −2.16 | −6.327 | −1.798 | 4.529 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHST12 | 55501 | Carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 12 | 1.19 | 5.885 | 1.83 | 4.055 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
XYLT2 | 64132 | Xylosyltransferase II | 1.33 | 5.743 | 1.79 | 3.952 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHST3 | 9469 | Carbohydrate (chondroitin 6) sulfotransferase 3 | −1.66 | −5.345 | −1.64 | 3.706 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HAS1 | 3036 | Hyaluronan synthase 1 | −2.80 | −5.225 | −1.615 | 3.611 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HYAL2 | 8692 | Hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 | −1.51 | −5.153 | −1.602 | 3.551 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HAPLN3 | 145864 | Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 | −1.27 | −4.742 | −1.535 | 3.207 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CHST14 | 113189 | Carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-0) sulfotransferase 14 | 1.18 | 4.404 | 1.399 | 3.005 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
XYLT1 | 64131 | Xylosyltransferase I | −1.07 | −2.454 | −1.076 | 1.378 | 42.923 | 0.728 | 0.727 |
Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Definition | Fold Change | D[i] | De[i] | Delta[i] | FSN[i] | FDR[i] | q-val[i] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CXCL2 | 2920 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 | −8.36 | −13.35 | −2.713 | 10.637 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CX3CL1 | 6376 | Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 | −2.91 | −13.217 | −2.686 | 10.531 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL2 | 6347 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 | −8.07 | −9.914 | −2.288 | 7.626 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL8 | 6355 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 | −4.41 | −9.118 | −2.19 | 6.928 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL3 | 6348 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 | −2.29 | −5.683 | −1.697 | 3.986 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL3L3 | 414062 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 3 | −2.78 | −5.323 | −1.634 | 3.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CXCL12 | 6387 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 | 1.54 | 5.228 | 1.628 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL3L1 | 6349 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1 | −1.75 | −4.739 | −1.532 | 3.207 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CCL4L1 | 9560 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1 | −2.07 | −4.057 | −1.401 | 2.656 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
IL8 | 3576 | Interleukin 8 (IL8), mRNA. | −19.53 | −14.895 | −3.001 | 11.894 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
IL1B | 3553 | Interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), mRNA. | −4.76 | −11.155 | −2.449 | 8.706 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Surgery Step 1 | Surgery Step 2 | Surgery Step 1 | Surgery Step 2 | |
Age (years) | 45.1 ± 7.5 | 48.0 ± 8.5 | 42.24 ± 9.9 | 45.7 ± 10.8 |
Height (m) | 1.82 ± 0.08 | 1.82 ± 0.08 | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 1.67 ± 0.07 |
WHR | 1.06 ± 0.08 | 1 ± 0.05 | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 1 ± 0.13 |
Waist (cm) | 150 ± 12.42 | 119.11 ± 12.63 | 145.28 ± 15.71 | 117.5 ± 18.86 |
Weight (kg) | 181.49 ± 22.95 | 131.66 ± 20.23 | 155.41 ± 27.07 | 112.11 ± 22.56 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 55.5 ± 9.1 | 40.2 ± 6.4 | 55.8 ± 9.5 | 40.4 ± 7.7 |
Weight loss (kg) | - | 49.8 ± 19.8 | - | 43.3 ± 17.6 |
ASAT (µkat/L) | 0.73 ± 0.4 | 0.52 ± 0.33 | 0.71 ± 0.4 | 0.36 ± 0.16 |
ALAT (µkat/L) | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.52 ± 0.22 | 0.61 ± 0.36 | 0.35 ± 0.11 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 7.32 ± 4.88 | 5.53 ± 1.48 | 6.11 ± 2.13 | 5.55 ± 1.42 |
FPI (pmol/L) | 157.58 ± 134.23 | 66.26 ± 47 | 206.65 ± 206.3 | 104.3 ± 68.14 |
Concomitant diseases: | ||||
T2D (N) | 18 | 8 | 30 | 10 |
Arterial hypertension | 14 | 5 | 11 | 4 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Dyslipidemia | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Chronic joint pain | 8 | 4 | 7 | 5 |
Concomitant medications: | ||||
Metformin | 14 | 5 | 25 | 7 |
GLP-1 receptor agonist | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Insulin | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
RAS inhibitors | 14 | 5 | 11 | 4 |
Betablockers | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
Diuretics | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Statins | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Gene Expression Pre- vs. Post-Surgery | ||
---|---|---|
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue | Visceral Adipose Tissue | |
VCAN | 0.34 | 0.000309 *** |
SDC4 | 0.049 * | 0.00602 ** |
GPC4 | 0.16 | 0.00525 ** |
PODN | 0.00633 ** | 0.41 |
OGN | 0.63 | 0.000976 *** |
COL1A1 | 0.72 | 0.00221 ** |
COL4A1 | 0.09 | 0.03 * |
CCL3 | 0.0000328 *** | 0.08 |
MMP9 | 0.000000141 *** | 0.000256 *** |
MMP14 | 0.02 * | 1.00 |
Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lean | Obese | Lean | Obese | |
Body weight (g) | 33.5 ± 3.2 | 43.8 ± 5.1 **** | 26.2 ± 2.2 | 31.2 ± 6.1 * |
Heart (g) | 0.138 ± 0.02 | 0.130 ± 0.007 | 0.102 ± 0.006 | 0.097 ± 0.007 |
Liver (g) | 1.55 ± 0.17 | 1.68 ± 0.21 | 1.18 ± 0.14 | 1.02 ± 0.13 |
Visceral AT (g) | 0.82 ± 0.48 | 2.42 ± 0.46 **** | 0.73 ± 0.23 | 1.89 ± 0.83 **** |
Subcutaneous AT (g) | 0.48 ± 0.27 | 1.42 ± 0.47 **** | 0.54 ± 0.20 | 1.15 ± 0.60 ** |
Kidneys (g) | 0.332 ± 0.05 | 0.377 ± 0.04 | 0.246 ± 0.02 | 0.240 ± 0.02 |
Male Lean vs. Obese | Female Lean vs. Obese | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | VIS | SC | VIS | ||||||
Gene Symbol | Definition | FC | p-Value | FC | p-Value | FC | p-Value | FC | p-Value |
Lum | Lumican | 0.97 | 0.995 | 1.61 | 0.101 | 1.24 | 0.998 | 2.23 | 0.136 |
Bgn | Biglycan | 2.21 | 0.008 | 1.71 | 0.200 | 6.37 | 0.001 | 2.53 | 0.454 |
Dcn | Decorin | 0.67 | 0.241 | 0.58 | 0.110 | 1.14 | 0.954 | 2.04 | 0.086 |
Vcan | Versican | 0.80 | 0.591 | 1.31 | 0.139 | 0.77 | 0.396 | 1.13 | 0.761 |
Sdc4 | Syndecan 4 | 1.26 | 0.089 | 1.20 | 0.212 | 0.71 | 0.027 | 0.97 | 0.991 |
Has1 | Hyaluronan synthase 1 | 0.46 | 0.186 | 0.97 | 0.961 | 2.05 | 0.356 | 3.17 | 0.022 |
Col1a1 | Collagen type I alpha 1 chain | 1.05 | 0.980 | 1.09 | 0.945 | 2.18 | 0.171 | 2.76 | 0.028 |
Col4a1 | Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain | 1.25 | 0.668 | 0.81 | 0.774 | 2.37 | 0.160 | 3.85 | 0.0012 |
Col6a1 | Collagen type VI alpha 1 chain | 1.85 | 0.184 | 0.94 | 0.987 | 2.31 | 0.158 | 3.78 | 0.001 |
Tgfb | Transforming growth factor beta 1 | 1.12 | 0.950 | 1.42 | 0.538 | 1.49 | 0.937 | 3.29 | 0.0013 |
Ccl2 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 | 2.73 | 0.196 | 8.29 | 0.0001 | 3.19 | 0.271 | 10.69 | 0.0001 |
Ccl3 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 | 0.44 | 0.223 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.41 |
Ccl8 | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 | 0.38 | 0.277 | 1.37 | 0.673 | 0.78 | 0.965 | 4.37 | 0.003 |
Cxcl2 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 | 2.52 | 0.329 | 4.10 | 0.018 | 2.76 | 0.288 | 7.66 | 0.0001 |
Il6 | Interleukin 6 | 0.71 | 0.629 | 1.28 | 0.676 | 1.17 | 0.871 | 2.45 | 0.006 |
Il1b | Interleukin 1 beta | 0.71 | 0.639 | 1.39 | 0.466 | 0.96 | 0.999 | 3.39 | 0.012 |
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Meen, A.J.; Doncheva, A.I.; Böttcher, Y.; Dankel, S.N.; Hoffmann, A.; Blüher, M.; Fernø, J.; Mellgren, G.; Ghosh, A.; Sun, W.; et al. Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6884. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086884
Meen AJ, Doncheva AI, Böttcher Y, Dankel SN, Hoffmann A, Blüher M, Fernø J, Mellgren G, Ghosh A, Sun W, et al. Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(8):6884. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086884
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeen, Astri J., Atanaska I. Doncheva, Yvonne Böttcher, Simon N. Dankel, Anne Hoffmann, Matthias Blüher, Johan Fernø, Gunnar Mellgren, Adhideb Ghosh, Wenfei Sun, and et al. 2023. "Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8: 6884. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086884