Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Hydroxytyrosol Improves Intestinal Barrier Function
2.2. Hydroxytyrosol Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation and Enhances Antioxidant Capacity
2.3. Hydroxytyrosol Regulates Microbial Composition
2.4. Hydroxytyrosol Changes BAs Metabolism
2.5. Correlation Analysis between Differential Ileal Microbiota, BAs and Gene Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design
4.2. Sample Collection
4.3. Histological Analysis
4.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.5. Microbial 16S rRNA Analysis
4.6. Quantification of SCFAs and BAs
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Accession No. | Primer Sequences |
---|---|---|
ZO-1 | XM_003480423.4 | F: GGGGTAGGGGTCCTTCCTAT R: CATTTGCTTGGCAGTCAGGTT |
Occludin | NM_001163647.2 | F: CAGGTGCACCCTCCAGATTG R: TATGTCGTTGCTGGGTGCAT |
Claudin-1 | NM_001243483.1 | F: TTTCCTCAATACAGGAGGGAAGC R: CCCTCTCCCCACATTCGAG |
MUC2 | XM_021082584.1 | F: CGCATGGATGGCTGTTTCTG R: ATTGCTCGCAGTTGTTGGTG |
IL-1β | NM_214055.1 | F: CCAGCCAGTCTTCATTGTT R: CATCTCTTTGGGGCCAT |
IL-6 | NM_001252429.1 | F: TCCAATCTGGGTTCAATCA R: TCTTTCCCTTTTGCCTCA |
IL-10 | NM_214041.1 | F: CCGACTCAACGAAGAAGG R: CTGGTTGGGAAGTGGATG |
TNF-α | NM_214022.1 | F: CCGACAGATGGGCTGTA R: TCTTGATGGCAGAGAGGAG |
Nrf2 | XM_013984303.2 | F: TAAGGGTGCTCCTTTGCGAG R: ATCAAATCCATGTCCTTGGCG |
Keap1 | XM_021076667.1 | F: CGCCTCATCGAGTTCGCTTACAC R: GCACGGACCACACTGTCAATCTG |
HO-1 | NM_001004027.1 | F: GTTTGAGGAGGTGCAGGAG R: GGTTGTCACGGGAGTGG |
NQO1 | NM_001159613.1 | F: CAGCATTGGGCACACTC R: GGCGCAAAGTACAGTGG |
SOD1 | NM_001190422.1 | F: GCCAAAGGATCAAGAGAGG R: GAGAGGGCGATCACAGAA |
CAT | NM_214301.2 | F: GCTGAGTCCGAAGTCGTCTA R: GTCAGGATATCAGGTTTCTGCG |
GPX1 | NM_214201.1 | F: AACGGTGCGGGACTACA R: TCGGACGTACTTGAGGCA |
GPX2 | NM_001115136.1 | F: CAACACATTCCGAGGCA R: GAAGCCAAGAACCACCAG |
β-actin | XM_001928093.1 | F: GCGTAGCATTTGCTGCATGA R: GCGTGTGTGTAACTAGGGGT |
GAPDH | NM_001206359.1 | F: CGTGTCGGTTGTGGATCTGA R: TGACGAAGTGGTCGTTGAGG |
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Wen, X.; Wan, F.; Zhong, R.; Chen, L.; Zhang, H. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115590
Wen X, Wan F, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(11):5590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115590
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Xiaobin, Fan Wan, Ruqing Zhong, Liang Chen, and Hongfu Zhang. 2024. "Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11: 5590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115590