IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 as Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention—Results from Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Baseline Characteristics
2.2. Responses to Lifestyle Interventions
2.3. Responses to Lifestyle Interventions within Median Subgroups of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 Baseline Levels
2.4. Differential Response to Lifestyle Interventions Depending on Baseline Levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Project Design and Participants
4.2. Interventions
4.3. Sample Collection and Anthropometric and Metabolic Assessments
4.4. Laboratory Analyses
4.5. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Parameters | Value | No. |
---|---|---|
Women (%) | 54.0 | 186 |
Age (years) | 62.7 ± 8.7 | 345 |
Study allocation | ||
PLIS (%) | 39.1 | 135 |
DiNA-P (%) | 33.6 | 116 |
OptiFiT (%) | 27.2 | 94 |
IGF-1 (µg/L) | 141.8 ± 53.7 | 345 |
IGFBP-1 (µg/L) | 2.1 [1.4; 4.1] | 345 |
IGFBP-2 (µg/L) | 259.1 [134.2; 422.6] | 345 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 5.4 | 345 |
Present overweight (%) | 38.0 | 132 |
Present obesity (%) | 50.7 | 175 |
Grade I (%) | 29.3 | 101 |
Grade II (%) | 15.1 | 52 |
Grade III (%) | 6.4 | 22 |
WHR (cm/cm) | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 341 |
Body fat content-BIA [%] | 34.7 ± 8.5 | 312 |
VAT-MRI (l) | 5.5 ± 2.4 | 225 |
IHL-MRS (%-abs.) | 7.0 [3.0; 14.4] | 231 |
Present MASLD (%) | 39.4 | 136 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 345 |
2 h glucose (mmol/L) | 8.2 ± 1.6 | 345 |
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 73.4 [51.7; 105.5] | 337 |
Present IFG + NGT (%) | 31.9 | 110 |
Present NFG + IGT (%) | 31.6 | 109 |
Present IFG + IGT (%) | 36.5 | 126 |
HOMA-IR | 2.6 [1.7; 3.8] | 337 |
Matsuda Index | 2.6 [1.8; 3.5] | 238 |
HIRI | 37.2 [30.6; 44.4] | 242 |
IGI | 11.7 [7.5; 21.2] | 242 |
DI | 30.9 [21.6; 43.6] | 238 |
Parameters | Baseline | 1 Year | n | p | d/r | Baseline | 1 Year | n | p | d/r |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||||||||
IGF-1 < 134.2 µg/L | IGF-1 ≥ 134.2 µg/L | |||||||||
IGF-1 [µg/L] | 99.9 ± 23.3 | 117.2 ± 38.8 | 172 | <0.001 | −0.56 | 183.5 ± 41.5 | 168.7 ± 51.0 | 173 | <0.001 | 0.29 |
IGFBP-1 [µg/L] | 2.2 [1.2; 4.4] | 2.5 [1.3; 4.5] | 172 | 0.460 | −0.06 | 2.1 [0.9; 3.7] | 1.9 [1.2; 4.0] | 173 | 0.015 | −0.18 |
IGFBP-2 [µg/L] | 269.6 [148.1; 453.6] | 271.7 [162.0; 431.9] | 170 | 0.290 | −0.08 | 251.5 [133.9; 385.2] | 250.7 [164.8; 427.7] | 172 | 0.057 | −0.14 |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | 30.8 ± 5.2 | 29.9 ± 5.1 | 171 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 31.1 ± 5.6 | 29.9 ± 5.4 | 171 | <0.001 | 0.65 |
Waist-to-hip ratio [cm/cm] | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 166 | 0.011 | 0.18 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 166 | 0.359 | 0.03 |
Body fat content-BIA [%] | 35.1 ± 8.6 | 34.0 ± 9.0 | 145 | <0.001 | 0.34 | 34.2 ± 8.5 | 33.1 ± 9.1 | 147 | 0.002 | 0.25 |
Visceral fat volume-MRI [L] | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 5.2 ± 2.4 | 111 | <0.001 | 0.43 | 5.6 ± 2.3 | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 86 | <0.001 | 0.71 |
Intrahepatic lipid content-MRS [%-abs.] | 7.0 [3.0; 14.7] | 4.4 [2.3; 8.9] | 113 | <0.001 | −0.41 | 7.2 [3.0; 14.2] | 3.1 [1.1; 7.1] | 89 | <0.001 | −0.68 |
Fasting glucose [mmol/L] | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 164 | <0.001 | 0.34 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 157 | <0.001 | 0.31 |
2 h glucose [mmol/L] | 8.3 ± 1.5 | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 164 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 157 | <0.001 | 0.46 |
Fasting insulin [pmol/L] | 79.7 [55.8; 108.2] | 77.8 [54.9; 111.2] | 170 | 0.239 | −0.09 | 66.0 [49.6; 99.7] | 61.5 [44.1;88.3] | 165 | <0.001 | −0.34 |
HOMA-IR | 3.0 [1.9; 3.9] | 2.7 [1.7; 3.9] | 170 | 0.051 | −0.15 | 2.4 [1.6; 3.7] | 2.0 [1.4; 3.1] | 164 | <0.001 | −0.36 |
Matsuda index | 2.5 [1.8; 3.3] | 2.9 [2.0; 4.3] | 122 | <0.001 | −0.34 | 2.8 [1.9; 3.6] | 3.6 [2.5; 5.0] | 112 | <0.001 | −0.50 |
HIRI | 37.5 [30.8; 45.3] | 34.2 [29.8; 42.0] | 127 | 0.003 | −0.26 | 36.7 [30.0; 42.6] | 33.5 [27.2; 39.3] | 114 | <0.001 | −0.41 |
IGI | 11.7 [7.3; 21.2] | 12.4 [7.8; 19.8] | 127 | 0.273 | −0.10 | 11.6 [7.5; 19.2] | 11.2 [7.0; 17.0] | 114 | 0.232 | −0.11 |
DI | 28.2 [19.5; 43.6] | 34.3 [21.4; 63.1] | 122 | <0.001 | −0.36 | 33.6 [22.9; 44.5] | 38.7 [25.0; 68.0] | 112 | <0.001 | −0.31 |
(b) | ||||||||||
IGFBP-1 < 2.13 µg/L | IGFBP-1 ≥ 2.13 µg/L | |||||||||
IGF-1 [µg/L] | 141.5 ± 48.5 | 150.5 ± 52.5 | 172 | 0.002 | −0.23 | 142.1 ± 58.5 | 135.6 ± 50.6 | 173 | 0.043 | 0.13 |
IGFBP-1 [µg/L] | 1.0 [0.7; 1.5] | 1.5 [0.9; 2.2] | 172 | <0.001 | −0.53 | 4.1 [2.8; 6.8] | 3.9 [2.3; 5.6] | 173 | 0.045 | −0.15 |
IGFBP-2 [µg/L] | 223.6 [119.5; 369.2] | 237.4 [141.2; 352.5] | 172 | 0.080 | −0.13 | 310.2 [175.4; 463.2] | 319.5 [190.2; 515.7] | 170 | 0.179 | −0.10 |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | 31.8 ± 5.0 | 30.7 ± 4.8 | 171 | <0.001 | 0.68 | 30.0 ± 5.7 | 29.1 ± 5.6 | 171 | <0.001 | 0.49 |
Waist-to-hip ratio [cm/cm] | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 165 | 0.035 | 0.14 | 0.93 ± 0.10 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | 167 | 0.096 | 0.10 |
Body fat content-BIA [%] | 35.5 ± 8.1 | 34.3 ± 8.8 | 149 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 33.6 ± 9.1 | 32.7 ± 9.6 | 143 | 0.003 | 0.24 |
Visceral fat volume-MRI [L] | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 106 | <0.001 | 0.64 | 5.1 ± 2.7 | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 91 | <0.001 | 0.46 |
Intrahepatic lipid content-MRS [%-abs.] | 9.4 [5.1; 17.1] | 5.3 [2.4; 10.5] | 110 | <0.001 | −0.55 | 4.1 [1.5; 9.2] | 2.5 [.7; 6.5] | 92 | <0.001 | −0.50 |
Fasting glucose [mmol/L] | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 159 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 162 | <0.001 | 0.34 |
2 h glucose [mmol/L] | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 159 | <0.001 | 0.47 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 162 | <0.001 | 0.35 |
Fasting insulin [pmol/L] | 82.0 [59.3; 115.3] | 74.3 [55.5; 111.1] | 165 | 0.002 | −0.24 | 64.2 [43.2 98.0] | 62.8 [44.1; 87.6] | 170 | 0.019 | −0.18 |
HOMA-IR | 3.0 [2.1; 4.1] | 2.7 [1.8; 3.9] | 165 | <0.001 | −0.28 | 2.3 [1.5; 3.4] | 2.0 [1.3; 3.1] | 169 | 0.003 | −0.23 |
Matsuda index | 2.4 [1.7; 3.2] | 2.8 [2.0;4.1] | 128 | <0.001 | −0.53 | 2.9 [2.2; 4.6] | 3.7 [2.4; 5.6] | 106 | 0.002 | −0.30 |
HIRI | 38.3 [32.8; 45.5] | 35.8 [31.3; 42.3] | 133 | <0.001 | −0.37 | 34.9 [27.9; 40.9] | 31.2 [25.8; 38.6] | 108 | 0.003 | −0.29 |
IGI | 13.7 [8.9; 23.5] | 15.2 [8.8; 19.8] | 133 | 0.560 | −0.05 | 8.5 [5.7; 15.7] | 9.9 [6.0; 15.9] | 108 | 0.434 | −0.08 |
DI | 32.9 [22.1; 46.1] | 38.2 [22.6; 65.5] | 128 | <0.001 | −0.31 | 28.4 [19.5; 39.2] | 33.8 [23.1; 63.4] | 106 | <0.001 | −0.3 |
Parameters | Mean Difference | 95% CI | p | d/r |
---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||
Subgroups of IGF-1 baseline levels: above vs. below the median | ||||
∆ IGF-1 [µg/L] | −32.09 | [−41.12; 23.05] | <0.001 | −0.75 |
∆ IGFBP-1 [µg/L] | 0.06 | [−0.76; 0.88] | 0.396 a | 0.05 |
∆ IGFBP-2 [µg/L] | 17.90 | [−22.16; 57.96] | 0.422 a | 0.04 |
∆ Body mass index [kg/m2] | −0.31 | [−0.68; 0.07] | 0.053 | −0.18 |
∆ Waist-to-hip ratio [cm/cm] | 0.01 | [−0.00; 0.03] | 0.046 | 0.19 |
∆ Body fat content-BIA [%] | 0.13 | [−0.74; 0.99] | 0.386 | 0.03 |
∆ Visceral fat volume-MRI [L] | −0.24 | [−0.48; 0.00] | 0.027 | −0.28 |
∆ Intrahepatic lipid content-MRS [%-abs.] | −1.75 | [−3.44; −0.054] | 0.011 a | −0.18 |
∆ Fasting glucose [mmol/L] | 0.03 | [−0.09; 0.15] | 0.321 | 0.05 |
∆ 2 h glucose [mmol/L] | −0.06 | [−0.46; 0.35] | 0.394 | −0.03 |
∆ Fasting insulin [pmol/L] | −11.31 | [−27.74; 5.12] | 0.031 a | −0.12 |
∆ HOMA-IR | −0.36 | [−0.96; 0.25] | 0.086 a | −0.09 |
∆ Matsuda index | 0.45 | [−0.09; 0.98] | 0.019 a | 0.15 |
∆ HIRI | −1.16 | [−3.35; 1.02] | 0.232 a | −0.08 |
∆ IGI | −5.11 | [−10.84; 0.62] | 0.118 a | −0.10 |
∆ DI | −7.59 | [−22.13; 6.95] | 0.679 a | −0.03 |
(b) | ||||
Subgroups of IGFBP-1 baseline levels: below vs. above the median | ||||
∆ IGF-1 [µg/L] | 15.49 | [5.97; 25.00] | <0.001 | 0.34 |
∆ IGFBP-1 [µg/L] | 1.79 | [0.99; 2.58] | <0.001 a | −0.22 |
∆ IGFBP-2 [µg/L] | −3.60 | [−43.78; 36.58] | 0.430 a | 0.00 |
∆ Body mass index [kg/m2] | −0.17 | [−0.54; 0.20] | 0.183 | −0.10 |
∆ Waist-to-hip ratio [cm/cm] | 0.00 | [−0.01; 0.02] | 0.465 | 0.01 |
∆ Body fat content-BIA [%] | −0.26 | [−1.13; 0.61] | 0.276 | −0.07 |
∆ Visceral fat volume-MRI [L] | −0.11 | [−0.36; 0.14] | 0.193 | −0.13 |
∆ Intrahepatic lipid content-MRS [%-abs.] | −1.28 | [−2.95; 0.38] | 0.049 a | −0.14 |
∆ Fasting glucose [mmol/L] | 0.05 | [−0.08; 0.17] | 0.221 | 0.08 |
∆ 2 h glucose [mmol/L] | −0.12 | [−0.53; 0.28] | 0.275 | −0.06 |
∆ Fasting insulin [pmol/L] | −6.11 | [−22.58; 10.35] | 0.642 a | −0.03 |
∆ HOMA-IR | −0.22 | [−0.82; 0.39] | 0.703 a | −0.02 |
∆ Matsuda index | 0.27 | [−0.29; 0.83] | 0.484 a | −0.05 |
∆ HIRI | −0.60 | [−2.82; 1.62] | 0.785 a | −0.02 |
∆ IGI | 1.72 | [−3.75; 7.19] | 0.375 a | −0.06 |
∆ DI | 4.07 | [−9.74; 17.89] | 0.786 a | −0.02 |
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Meyer, N.M.T.; Kabisch, S.; Dambeck, U.; Honsek, C.; Kemper, M.; Gerbracht, C.; Arafat, A.M.; Birkenfeld, A.L.; Schwarz, P.E.H.; Machann, J.; et al. IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 as Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention—Results from Randomized Controlled Trials. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126400
Meyer NMT, Kabisch S, Dambeck U, Honsek C, Kemper M, Gerbracht C, Arafat AM, Birkenfeld AL, Schwarz PEH, Machann J, et al. IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 as Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention—Results from Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(12):6400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126400
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeyer, Nina M. T., Stefan Kabisch, Ulrike Dambeck, Caroline Honsek, Margrit Kemper, Christiana Gerbracht, Ayman M. Arafat, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Jürgen Machann, and et al. 2024. "IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 as Possible Predictors of Response to Lifestyle Intervention—Results from Randomized Controlled Trials" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 12: 6400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126400