Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Soil and Leaf Water Content under Treatments
2.2. Chlorophyll Content in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.3. Light Energy Partitioning in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.4. The Photoprotective Heat Dissipation and the Electron Transport Rate in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.5. The Fraction of Open PSII Reaction Centers and Their Efficiency in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.6. Excess Excitation Energy and PSII Excitation Pressure in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.7. The Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PSII Function in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
2.8. Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Water-Sprayed and Salicylic Acid-Sprayed Plants
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
4.2. Salicylic Acid Treatments
4.3. Soil Volumetric Water Content
4.4. Leaf Water Content
4.5. Chlorophyll Content
4.6. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis
4.7. Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Soil Water Content (%) * | Relative Leaf Water Content (%) | Chlorophyll Content ** |
---|---|---|---|
Water-sprayed plants after 48 h | 70 ± 3% | 81 ± 0.4% | 6.14 ± 0.52 |
Water-sprayed plants after 96 h | 27 ± 2% | 79 ± 0.2% | 7.11 ± 2.33 |
Water-sprayed plants after 192 h | 5 ± 1% | 73 ± 0.1% | 2.82 ± 0.97 |
Salicylic acid-sprayed plants after 48 h | 82 ± 4% | 85 ± 0.3% | 4.04 ± 1.12 |
Salicylic acid-sprayed plants after 96 h | 38 ± 3% | 83 ± 0.3% | 12.80 ± 1.99 |
Salicylic acid-sprayed plants after 192 h | 9 ± 2% | 80 ± 0.2% | 20.23 ± 4.99 |
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Moustakas, M.; Panteris, E.; Moustaka, J.; Aydın, T.; Bayçu, G.; Sperdouli, I. Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126721
Moustakas M, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Sperdouli I. Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(12):6721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126721
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoustakas, Michael, Emmanuel Panteris, Julietta Moustaka, Tuğba Aydın, Gülriz Bayçu, and Ilektra Sperdouli. 2024. "Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 12: 6721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126721