Abstract
Chronic exposure to harmful pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens from the environment can lead to pathological changes in the epithelial barrier, which increase the risk of developing an allergy. During allergic inflammation, epithelial cells send proinflammatory signals to group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and eosinophils, which require energy and resources to mediate their activation, cytokine/chemokine secretion, and mobilization of other cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolic regulation in allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR), highlighting its underlying mechanisms and phenotypes, and the potential metabolic regulatory roles of eosinophils and ILC2s. Eosinophils and ILC2s regulate allergic inflammation through lipid mediators, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived metabolites and Sphinosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are significant metabolic markers that indicate immune dysfunction and epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergy. Notably, eosinophils are promoters of allergic symptoms and exhibit greater metabolic plasticity compared to ILC2s, directly involved in promoting allergic symptoms. Our findings suggest that metabolomic analysis provides insights into the complex interactions between immune cells, epithelial cells, and environmental factors. Potential therapeutic targets have been highlighted to further understand the metabolic regulation of eosinophils and ILC2s in allergy. Future research in metabolomics can facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for future application.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Kan, L.L.-Y.; Li, P.; Hon, S.S.-M.; Lai, A.Y.-T.; Li, A.; Wong, K.C.-Y.; Huang, D.; Wong, C.-K.
Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6913.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136913
AMA Style
Kan LL-Y, Li P, Hon SS-M, Lai AY-T, Li A, Wong KC-Y, Huang D, Wong C-K.
Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):6913.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136913
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kan, Lea Ling-Yu, Peiting Li, Sharon Sze-Man Hon, Andrea Yin-Tung Lai, Aixuan Li, Katie Ching-Yau Wong, Danqi Huang, and Chun-Kwok Wong.
2024. "Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 6913.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136913
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article Access Statistics
For more information on the journal statistics, click
here.
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.