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Review

The Diagnostic Role of Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases in Children: A Critical Review of Paediatric Vasculitis

1
Paediatric Department, University of Chieti “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2
Paediatric Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury-Thames Valley Deanery, Oxford HP21 8AL, UK
3
Dermatology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University G D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
4
Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7323; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137323
Submission received: 3 June 2024 / Revised: 25 June 2024 / Accepted: 1 July 2024 / Published: 3 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances and Perspectives in Rheumatic Diseases)

Abstract

Skin lesions are frequently observed in children with rheumatic diseases, particularly in conditions such as IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and Kawasaki disease (KD). In paediatric vasculitis, the presence of skin lesions serves as an early indicator, emphasising the importance of timely diagnosis to prevent complications, such as cardiac or renal involvement. Conversely, autoinflammatory disorders like juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) may manifest with cutaneous manifestations either at the onset of disease or during its progression. Identifying these skin lesions prior to the appearance of systemic symptoms offers an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment, which has a positive influence on the outcomes. Additionally, it is noteworthy that specific rheumatological conditions, such as acute rheumatic fever (ARF) or oligoarticular or polyarticular forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), may exhibit occasional, but significant skin involvement, which is strongly correlated with an unfavourable prognosis. The assessment of skin is important in the holist approach to assessing patients for potentially systemic/multisystem disorder and helps distinguish discrete conditions.
Keywords: vasculitis; skin; paediatric vasculitis; skin; paediatric

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Ludovico, A.; Rinaldi, M.; Lauriola, F.; Ciarelli, F.; La Bella, S.; Gualdi, G.; Chiarelli, F.; Bailey, K.; Breda, L. The Diagnostic Role of Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases in Children: A Critical Review of Paediatric Vasculitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137323

AMA Style

Di Ludovico A, Rinaldi M, Lauriola F, Ciarelli F, La Bella S, Gualdi G, Chiarelli F, Bailey K, Breda L. The Diagnostic Role of Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases in Children: A Critical Review of Paediatric Vasculitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(13):7323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137323

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Ludovico, Armando, Marta Rinaldi, Federico Lauriola, Francesca Ciarelli, Saverio La Bella, Giulio Gualdi, Francesco Chiarelli, Kathryn Bailey, and Luciana Breda. 2024. "The Diagnostic Role of Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases in Children: A Critical Review of Paediatric Vasculitis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13: 7323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137323

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