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Volume 25
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Review

Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

by
Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
1,2,
Ramón Chávez-Mireles
1,
Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
2 and
Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
2,3,*
1
Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
2
Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
3
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7726; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147726
Submission received: 19 June 2024 / Revised: 9 July 2024 / Accepted: 11 July 2024 / Published: 15 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
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Abstract

Despite advances in understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many challenges remain in unraveling the precise mechanisms behind the disease’s development and progression. Recent evidence has questioned the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in suppressing autoreactive CD4+ T cells during autoimmune responses. Research has investigated the potential impacts of PD-1 on various CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, all of which exhibit substantial PD-1 expression and are closely related to several autoimmune disorders, including SLE. This review highlights the complex role of PD-1 in autoimmunity and emphasizes the imperative for further research to elucidate its functions during autoreactive T-cell responses. Additionally, we address the potential of PD-1 and its ligands as possible therapeutic targets in SLE.
Keywords: PD-1; PD-L1/PD-L2; systemic lupus erythematosus; T follicular helper (Tfh) cells; T peripheral helper (Tph) cells PD-1; PD-L1/PD-L2; systemic lupus erythematosus; T follicular helper (Tfh) cells; T peripheral helper (Tph) cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sagrero-Fabela, N.; Chávez-Mireles, R.; Salazar-Camarena, D.C.; Palafox-Sánchez, C.A. Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147726

AMA Style

Sagrero-Fabela N, Chávez-Mireles R, Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147726

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sagrero-Fabela, Nefertari, Ramón Chávez-Mireles, Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena, and Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez. 2024. "Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147726

APA Style

Sagrero-Fabela, N., Chávez-Mireles, R., Salazar-Camarena, D. C., & Palafox-Sánchez, C. A. (2024). Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14), 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147726

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