Influence of Lithium Triflate Salt Concentration on Structural, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Ionic Conductivity Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. FTIR Spectroscopy of Cassava Starch SBPE Films
2.2. Thermal Characterization of SBPE Films
2.3. Voltammetric Characterization of Cassava Starch SBPE Films
2.4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of SBPE Films
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents and Materials
3.2. Preparation of Cassava Starch SBPE Films with Different LiTFT Salt Concentrations
3.3. Characterization of Cassava Starch SBPEs
3.3.1. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
3.3.2. Thermal Analysis
3.3.3. Cyclic Voltammetry
3.3.4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Assignments | ) of SBPEs Xm = [LiTFT mol/starch mol] | LiTFT | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.00 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.52 | ||
O–H stretching | 3364 | 3371 | 3377 | 3385 | 3399 | 3486 |
C–H stretching | 2926–2878 | 2927–2878 | 2927–2878 | 2927–2878 | 2927–2878 | - |
C=O stretching vibration | 1713 | 1713 | 1713 | 1713 | 1713 | - |
O–H (water) bending/O-H bending (sulfonic) | 1649 | 1648 | 1648 | 1648 | 1648 | 1647 |
C–H bending | 1456 | 1456 | 1456 | 1456 | 1456 | |
O–H bending | 1407 | 1407 | 1408 | 1408 | 1408 | |
COH bending/S=O stretching | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 | |
CH2OH related modes/Asymmetric stretching mode of SO3 | 1247 | 1279–1250 | 1279–1250 | 1279–1250 | 1279–1250 | 1292–1248 |
COH deformation/Symmetric stretching mode CF3 | 1202 | 1219 | 1219 | 1219 | 1219 | 1229 |
Asymmetric stretching mode of CF3 | - | - | - | - | - | 1182 |
CO antisymmetric bridge stretching | 1146 | 1145 | 1143 | 1142 | 1142 | - |
COH antisymmetric stretching in plane ring | 1103 | 1103 | 1102 | 1102 | 1103 | - |
C–OH bending | 1077 | 1078 | 1077 | 1077 | 1076 | - |
Symmetric stretching mode of SO3 | - | - | - | - | - | 1039 |
COC ring vibration of Carbohydrate | 1018 | 1021 | 1021 | 1021 | 1021 | - |
COH solved | 995 | 998 | 998 | 998 | 998 | - |
C-H bending modes | 844 | 843 | 843 | 843 | 843 | - |
Symmetric bending mode CF3 | - | - | - | - | - | 773 |
CH2 rocking | 757 | 757 | 757 | 757 | 757 | |
Symmetric bending mode SO3 | 639 | 639 | 638 | 638 | 627 | |
Asymmetric bending mode CF3/pyranose ring vibration | 570 | 571 | 571 | 571 | 571 | 574 |
Pyranose ring vibration | 522 | 520 | 517 | 516 | 515 | |
Asymmetric bending mode SO3 | - | - | - | - | - | 512 |
Process | Peaks | Cassava Starch SBPEs with Different Salt Concentrations (Lithium Triflate) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xm = 0.00 | Xm = 0.09 | Xm = 0.17 | Xm = 0.35 | Xm = 0.52 | |||
I | Anodic | Ep (V) | 1.52 | 1.54 | 1.26 | 1.50 | 0.85 |
Ip (µA) | 0.096 | 0.067 | 0.144 | 0.132 | 0.111 | ||
Cathodic | Ep (V) | - | - | - | - | 0.80 | |
Ip (µA) | - | - | - | - | −0.010 | ||
II | Anodic | Ep (V) | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.26 | 0.54 | −0.21 |
Ip (µA) | 0.055 | 0.069 | 0.083 | 0.104 | 0.014 | ||
Cathodic | Ep (V) | 0.31 | 0.64 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.12 | |
Ip (µA) | −0.028 | −0.012 | −0.022 | −0.019 | −0.038 | ||
III | Anodic | Ep (V) | −0.19 | −0.02 | −0.32 | 0.13 | −0.85 |
Ip (µA) | 0.032 | 0.058 | 0.052 | 0.087 | −0.005 | ||
Cathodic | Ep (V) | −0.66 | −0.41 | −0.55 | −0.26 | −0.90 | |
Ip (µA) | −0.070 | −0.059 | −0.112 | −0.108 | −0.014 |
Salt Concentration (Xm) | Electrochemical Parameters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cdl (F) | Rct (Ω) | Rre (Ω) | CPE (S*sa) | Rf (Ω) | |
0.00 | 2.27 × 10−4 | 5.19 × 102 | 1.26 × 105 | 2.10 × 10−6 | 8.96 × 102 |
0.09 | 2.37 × 10−4 | 6.70 × 104 | 7.73 × 105 | 1.17 × 10−4 | 3.75 × 102 |
0.17 | 2.75 × 10−4 | 3.10 × 107 | 1.01 × 107 | 1.67 × 10−2 | 1.91 × 102 |
0.35 | 3.38 × 10−4 | 1.89 × 106 | 1.41 × 104 | 6.13 × 10−2 | 2.48 × 102 |
0.52 | 3.54 × 10−4 | 1.16 × 106 | 1.12 × 104 | 5.00 × 10−1 | 2.75 × 102 |
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Arrieta, A.A.; Calabokis, O.P.; Vanegas, C. Influence of Lithium Triflate Salt Concentration on Structural, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Ionic Conductivity Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158450
Arrieta AA, Calabokis OP, Vanegas C. Influence of Lithium Triflate Salt Concentration on Structural, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Ionic Conductivity Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(15):8450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158450
Chicago/Turabian StyleArrieta, Alvaro A., Oriana Palma Calabokis, and Carlos Vanegas. 2024. "Influence of Lithium Triflate Salt Concentration on Structural, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Ionic Conductivity Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15: 8450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158450