Recent Technologies towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Circulating Nucleic Acid in Liquid Biopsy
2.1. Circulating DNAs
2.1.1. Method for Detection of Circulating DNAs
2.1.2. Clinical Application of Circulating DNAs
3. Circulating RNAs
3.1. Current State of Circulating miRNAs: Detection Method and Challenges
3.2. Clinical Application of Circulating miRNAs
3.3. Clinical Application of Circulating Exosomal Micro-RNAs
3.4. Theranostic Values of Circulating Micro-RNAs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Sample Type | Cohort Size | Main Characteristics | Clinical Trial | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OncoBEAM RAS CRC kit and Guardant360 | Plasma | Metastatic CRC patients with RAS/BRAF V600E wild-type tumor resistant to anti-EGFR therapy (REMARRY; n = 183, PURSUIT; n = 50) | RAS ctDNA status as a predictive marker for determining anti-EGFR treatment eligibility and RAS-negative ctDNA as an assessment for the efficacy and safety of therapy with panitumumab plus irinotecan | REMARRY (UMIN000036424) and PURSUIT study (jRCTs031190096) | [30] |
ddPCR | Plasma | Patients resected for CRC and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 254) | Detectable ctDNA level as a diagnostic marker for early detection of CRC recurrence and determination of treatment eligibility | IMPROVE-IT2 (NCT04084249) | [18] |
qRT-PCR: SEPT9 real-time PCR | Plasma | CRC patients (n = 100) and noncancer group (n = 175) in training study, CRC patients (n = 90) and noncancer group (n = 155) in blinded testing study | Methylated SEPT9 as a diagnostic marker for CRC screening | PRESEPT (NCT00855348, NCT02540850) | [31] |
NGS; FoundationACT™, Illumina Hi-Seq comprehensive genomic profiling | Plasma | 96 CRC patients (II, III, IV stage) | KRAS, NRAS, BRAF ctDNA as a diagnostic marker and predictive marker for guiding therapy in the late stage | NCT02620527 | [23] |
NGS; Guardant LUNAR-2™ | Blood | 200 clinical trial sites; 13% black, 15% Hispanic and 7% Asian American, 45–84 age without prior history cancer (n = 10,000) | ctDNA as an early detector for CRC screening with 96% sensitivity, 94% specificity | ECLIPSE (NCT04136002) | [32] |
NGS: Guardant LUNAR-1™ | Blood | Stage II/III patients with resected stage II (n = 1408) | ctDNA as a predictive marker for adjuvant chemotherapy and minimal residual disease (MRD) determination | COBRA (NCT04068103) | [33] |
NGS; FoundationOne Liquid | Plasma | Metastatic CRC with RAS/BRAF wild type tumor (n = 200) | RAS/BRAF ctDNA status as a predictive marker of response to FOLFOX therapy in patients resistant to anti-EGFR therapy | CAPRI II GOIM (NCT05312398) | [34] |
NGS; Guardant Reveal | Plasma | Patients resected for stage II/III CRC (n = 1621) | ctDNA presence as a biomarker to guide treatment decisions, with the potential to reduce adjuvant chemotherapy related toxicities | TRACC (NCT04050345) | [35] |
PCR NGS: Signatera test | Plasma | Stage I–IV patients (n = 2000) who have undergone surgery | Detectable ctDNA level as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for detection of CRC recurrence and determination of adjuvant treatment | BESPOKE (NCT04264702) | [36] |
PCR NGS: Signatera MRD blood test | Plasma | 2500 CRC patients | Positive/negative ctDNA and 16 specific somatic variants as a predictive marker for monitoring MRD and the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in CRC with surgery | CIRCULATE-Japan ((UMIN000039205) | [37,38] |
Method | Sample Type | Cohort Size | Main Characteristics | Clinical Trial | Status | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NanoString nCounter/ddPCR | Blood (plasma) | Patients treated with regorafenib for RAS mutant metastatic CRC (n = 40) | miR-652-3p as a predictive marker of resistance and response to regorafenib monotherapy | PROSPECT-R (NCT03010722) | Completed | [94] |
NanoString | Blood (plasma) | Patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the rectum (n = 200) | miRNA levels as a predictive marker for monitoring MRD and a putative marker of the response to neoadjuvant treatment | NCT03962088 | Recruiting | [95] |
Unknown | Blood | Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2012 (n = 172) | Exosome miRNA as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker for CRC | NCT04523389 | Unknown | [96] |
qPCR analysis | Blood | Patients with advanced Adenomas and CRC (n = 1000) | Exosome miRNA as an early diagnostic marker for Advanced Adenomas and Colorectal Cancer | NCT06342440 | Recruiting | [97] |
Unknown | Blood | Patients resected for CRC and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 250) | Exosome miRNA as a predictive Biomarker of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer | NCT04227886 | Unknown | [98] |
Unknown | Tissue | Patients underwent colon resection (n = 100) | miRNA levels as a prognostic or therapeutic marker for CRC | NCT01712958 | Unknown | [99] |
q-RT-PCR | Tissue | Patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer (n = 630) | miR-21, miR-20a-5p, miR-10a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-215 as a predictive marker for stage II CRC treated with chemotherapy | NCT02635087 | Recruiting | [100] |
RT-qPCR | Tissue | Resected stage III CRC patients to receive adjuvant treatment with either FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab or FLOFOX-4 alone (n = 1808) | miR-31-3p and miR-31-5p as a prognostic and predictive marker for outcome and benefit to anti-EGFR therapy | NCT03362684 | Completed | [101] |
RT-qPCR | Tissue | Patients diagnosed with stage CRC (n = 430) | miR-21, miR-20a-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-215 as a predictive marker for determination of adjuvant treatment | NCT02466113 | Active, not recruiting | [102] |
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Chung, J.; Xiao, S.; Gao, Y.; Soung, Y.H. Recent Technologies towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168703
Chung J, Xiao S, Gao Y, Soung YH. Recent Technologies towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168703
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, Jun, Sophie Xiao, Yang Gao, and Young Hwa Soung. 2024. "Recent Technologies towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancers" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168703