International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 16

This paper examines the dosimetric uncertainty arising from the use of thermoplastic masks in the treatment of head and neck cancer through radiotherapy. This study was conducted through Monte Carlo simulations using the Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtend...

The Yak (Bos grunniens) is a special breed of livestock predominantly distributed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in beef cattle is a vital indicator of meat quality. In this study, RNA-Seq and Protein-Seq...

Vibrio alginolyticus causes substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. With the rise of multidrug-resistant Vibrio strains, phages present a promising solution. Here, a novel lytic Vibrio phage, vB_ValC_RH2G (RH2G), that efficiently inf...

Despite the high prevalence of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and the associated risk for BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients, many details on viral processes such as replication, maturation, assembly and virion rele...

Quasipaa spinosa, commonly known as the spiny frog, is an economically valued amphibian in China prized for its tender meat and nutritional value. This species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, most notably the prominent spiny structures on males th...

Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum (Sydow), significantly affects sugarcane crops worldwide. Infected plants develop whip-like structures known as sori. Significant variations in these whip lengths are commonly observed, but...

Genetic variation in the FCGR3B gene is responsible for different variants of human neutrophil antigen 1 (HNA-1). Laboratory techniques currently utilized for routine HNA-1 genotyping, predominantly PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) and PCR-sequ...

This review focuses on functional materials that contain terpyridine (terpy) units, which can be synthesized from biomass-derived platform chemicals. The latter are obtained by the chemical conversion of raw biopolymers such as cellulose (e.g., 2-fur...

Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, which is commonly dysregulated in cancer cells, resulting in enhanced proliferation and tumor progression. To investigate the clinicopathologic implications of SI...

Salinity stress severely restricts rice growth. Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) modulation can effectively alleviate salt stress in rice. In this study, we explored the effects of Pro-Ca on enhancing salt tolerance in two rice varieties, IR29 and HD96-...

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a facultative phototrophic bacterium that performs aerobic respiration when oxygen is available. Only when oxygen is present at low concentrations or absent are pigment–protein complexes formed, and anoxygenic photosy...

This study aims to develop a detection method based on morphological features of spike–wave (SW) patterns in the EEG of epilepsy patients and evaluate the effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) treatment. The propose...

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and polyphenols has emerged as a captivating frontier in understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, renowned for their antiox...

A gene encoding a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme was cloned from the genome of the bacterium Nocardiopsis halotolerans. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the protein showed the presence of the catalytic domain of the endo-1,4-β-xylanases o...

We report a successful formulation of Artemisone (ATM) in transferrin (Tf)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), achieving nearly a five-times increase in cell toxicity. The escalating cost of new drug discoveries led to the repurposing of...

An asymmetric synthesis is a favorable approach for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances, but racemic resolution remains an efficient strategy. This study aims to elucidate the chiral resolution of aromatic amino acids and their elution order u...

The degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which convey auditory signals from hair cells to the brain, can be a primary cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or can occur secondary to hair cell loss. Emerging therapies for SNHL include...

Drug residues that contaminate food and water represent a serious concern for human health. The major concerns regard the possible irrational use of these contaminants, since this might increase the amplitude of exposure. Multiple sources contribute...

Despite improvements in vaccination, screening, and treatment, cervical cancer (CC) remains a major healthcare problem on a global scale. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important and controversial role in cancer development, and the mechan...

The relationship between amino acid mutations and enzyme bioactivity is a significant challenge in modern bio-industrial applications. Despite many successful designs relying on complex correlations among mutations at different enzyme sites, the unde...

The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathw...

Understanding how habitat bacteria affect animal development, reproduction, and aging is essential for deciphering animal biology. Our recent study showed that Shewanella algae impaired Litoditis marina development and lifespan, compared with Escheri...

Semen cryopreservation results in the differential remodeling of the molecules presented in sperm, and these alterations related to reductions in sperm quality and its physiological function have not been fully understood. Given this, this study aime...

Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA), resisting glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX), is a bottleneck in the treatment of asthma. It is characterized by a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory subtype and is prone to developing into severe refract...

(1) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is identified by a complex interaction between central inflammation and neurodegeneration. Genetic individual variability could play a significative role in clinical presentation. The interleukin-5 (IL-5) rs2069812 single-...

Peptide-based antibiotics (PBAs), including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic mimics, have received significant interest due to their diverse and unique bioactivities. The integration of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics t...

In the human body, the vascular system plays an indispensable role in maintaining homeostasis by supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells and organs and facilitating the removal of metabolic waste and toxins. Blood vessels—the key constituents o...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cognitive impairment. Currently, the available treatment provides only symptomatic relief and there is a great need to design and formulate new drugs to stabilize...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease that causes degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) and paralysis. ALS can be caused by mutations in the gene that encodes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1). SOD1 is known mostly as a cytosolic...

DNA methylation plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during testicular development. However, few studies report on candidate genes related to the DNA methylation regulation of porcine testicular development. This study examined the dif...

DNA-binding one zinc finger (DOF) transcription factors are crucial plant-specific regulators involved in growth, development, signal transduction, and abiotic stress response generation. However, the genome-wide identification and characterization o...

Nipah virus (NiV) is known to be a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus, which is included in the World Health Organization Research & Development Blueprint list of priority diseases with up to 70% mortality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity and ou...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by several molecular alterations that contribute to its development and progression. These alterations include the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), human ep...

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a challenging and controversial complication of cirrhosis. Experimental models that reproduce cirrhotic PVT and effective pharmacological therapies are limited. We aimed to investigate the nature course and mechanisms...

The impressive adhesive capacity of marine mussels has inspired various fascinating designs in biomedical fields. Mussel-inspired injectable adhesive hydrogels, as a type of promising mussel-inspired material, have attracted much attention due to the...

Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with (3-aminopropylo)trietoksysilan (APTES) or N-carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) were proposed as nanocarriers of methotrexate (MTX) to target ovarian cancer cell lines. The successful functionalization...

This study comprehensively evaluated the DNA/RNA Defend Pro (DRDP) sample collection buffer, designed to inactivate and stabilize patient samples. The primary objectives were to assess DRDP’s efficacy in ensuring sample stability, facilitating...

The gastrointestinal tract is where the majority of gut microbiota settles; therefore, the composition of the gut microbiota and the changes in metabolites, as well as their modulatory effects on the immune system, have a very important impact on the...

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial carrier that catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for β-oxidation. In this study, we conducted a structural and fun...

The Hofmeister series categorizes ions based on their effects on protein stability, yet the microscopic mechanism remains a mystery. In this series, NaCl is neutral, Na₂SO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ are kosmotropic, while GdmCl and NaSCN are chaotropic. This study...

S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a protein primarily known as a biomarker for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, reflecting blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and dysfunction. Recently, S100B has also been implicated in cardiov...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, and structural brain changes, primarily involving Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tang...

Bacteria of the Thiothrix morphotype, comprising the genera Thiothrix, Thiolinea and Thiofilum, are frequently encountered in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment systems, but they are usually not clearly differentiated due to the marked simi...

Proteostasis mechanisms, such as proteotoxic-stress response and autophagy, are increasingly recognized for their roles in influencing various cancer hallmarks such as tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and recurrence. However, the precise mechanisms un...

With the continuous improvement in living standards, people’s demand for high-quality meat is increasing. Ningxiang pig has delicious meat of high nutritional value, and is loved by consumers. However, its slow growth and low meat yield serious...

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are one of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors widely used in clinical practice. While spironolactone and eplerenone have a long-standing profile in clinical medicine, finereno...

Periodontal disease (PD) during pregnancy may trigger systemic inflammation, increasing the risk of developing cardiometabolic disease (CMD). As a consequence, PD may result in the activation of cellular and molecular pathways, affecting the disease...

Cancer cells can escape death and surveillance by the host immune system in various ways. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed by most cell types, including cancer cells, and can provide an inhibitory si...

High-altitude diseases, including acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), are closely related to an individual’s ability to adapt to hypoxic environments. However, specific r...

Few studies have evaluated cytokeratin’s (CK) staining patterns in atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) coexisting with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to assess the staining patterns of selected CKs (CK7, CK19, CK20, CK AE1/AE3...