The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer—A Review of the Literature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. History of Photodynamic Therapy
4. Endometrium
5. Endometrial Cancer
6. Treatment
7. Components Used in Photodynamic Therapy
8. The Importance of Light in Photodynamic Therapy
- -
- High monochromaticity;
- -
- Small divergence, as a result of which high power density can be obtained;
- -
- Coherence [20].
9. Mechanism of Action of Photodynamic Therapy
10. Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PDT for Endometrial Cancer | |
---|---|
The most common cause of the development of the disease is | Excessive estrogen stimulation (both endogenous and exogenous), with simultaneous deficiency of progestogens |
Excessive body weight | |
A family history of endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer or breast cancer | |
Hormonal disorders caused by ovarian tumors | |
Postmenopausal age | |
Early menarche | |
Late age of last menstrual period no offspring | |
Occurrence of anovulatory cycles | |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | |
Diabetes | |
Presence of congenital predisposition syndromes (Lynch syndrome, Cowden syndrome) | |
PDT Advantages | Fewer adverse effects |
Low invasiveness | |
Short treatment time | |
Usable in outpatient settings | |
Double selectivity | |
Can be applied in the same time | |
Little or no scar after healing | |
Lower cost than other treatment | |
PDT Disadvantages | Photosensitivity after treatment |
Treatment efficacy depends on accurate light delivery to the tumor | |
Tissue oxygenation is crucial to the photodynamic effect | |
Impossible to treat metastatic cancers with current technology | |
Contraindications to PDT treatment | A non-responsive tumor |
Porphyria | |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | |
Other photosensitivity dermatoses | |
Allergy to the photosensitiser (very rare) | |
Evidence for endometrial cancer prevention strategies | Obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer |
Weight cycling and weight gain in middle age are risk factors for endometrial cancer. | |
Bariatric surgery reduces the risk of endometrial cancer by up to 81% in obese women who attain and maintain a normal weight. | |
Combined oral contraceptives provide durable protection against endometrial cancer for 30 years or more. | |
Ever use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and inert intrauterine devices reduce endometrial cancer risk. | |
The first oestrogen-based non-progestin HRT for non-hysterectomised women that contains estradiol and bazedoxifene has an effective protective effect on endometrium. | |
Weight cycling and weight gain in middle age are risk factors for endometrial cancer. |
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Żołyniak-Brzuchacz, A.; Barnaś, E.; Bartusik-Aebisher, D.; Aebisher, D. The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer—A Review of the Literature. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168772
Żołyniak-Brzuchacz A, Barnaś E, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Aebisher D. The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer—A Review of the Literature. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168772
Chicago/Turabian StyleŻołyniak-Brzuchacz, Aleksandra, Edyta Barnaś, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, and David Aebisher. 2024. "The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer—A Review of the Literature" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168772