Lipoprotein(a) in Children and Adolescents: Risk or Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Biochemical Structure and Metabolism of Lp(a)
4. The Mechanism through Which Lp(a) Mediates Cardiovascular Disease
5. Serum Lp(a) Concentration
6. Lp(a) in Children and Adolescents
7. Lp(a) and Stroke
8. Lp(a) and Cardio-Vascular Disease in Family Members
9. Lp(a) and Vascular Damage in Pediatric Patients
10. Lp(a) Values in Children and Adolescents
11. Treatment Options for Elevated Lp(a)
12. Lp(a): Present and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Apo(a) | Apolipoprotein a |
ARIC | Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study |
CETP | Cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
CHD | Coronary Heart Disease |
CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
EAS | European Atherosclerosis Society |
FH | Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
FMD | Flow Mediated Dilation |
HeFH | Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
HoFH | Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
IMT | Intima-Media Thickness |
KIV | Kringle IV |
LDL | Low-Density Lipoprotein |
Lp(a) | Lipoprotein a |
PCSK9 | Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 |
SNPs | Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
STRIP | Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project |
UK | United Kingdom |
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Capra, M.E.; Biasucci, G.; Banderali, G.; Pederiva, C. Lipoprotein(a) in Children and Adolescents: Risk or Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168817
Capra ME, Biasucci G, Banderali G, Pederiva C. Lipoprotein(a) in Children and Adolescents: Risk or Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168817
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapra, Maria Elena, Giacomo Biasucci, Giuseppe Banderali, and Cristina Pederiva. 2024. "Lipoprotein(a) in Children and Adolescents: Risk or Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? A Narrative Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168817