Enhancing Selectivity and Inhibitory Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs Against Myelogenous Leukemia Cells with Lippia alba Essential Oil Enriched in Citral
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of L. alba EO and Fractions
2.2. Cytotoxic Activity of L. alba EO and Its Fraction
2.3. Pharmacological Interactions between Terpenes and Chemotherapeutics
2.4. Morphological Changes and Oxidative Stress Triggered by Treatments
2.5. Genotoxicity on Tumoral and Vero Cells
2.6. Annexin V/SYTOX Green Assay and Multicaspase Activation
2.7. Antioxidant Systems
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Chemotherapeutics
4.3. Plant Material
4.4. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Fraction
4.5. Cytotoxic Activity on Vero and J774A.1 Cells
4.6. Antiproliferative Activity on AML Cells
4.7. Pharmacological Interaction between F2 Fraction and Chemotherapeutics
4.8. Cell Death Analysis
4.9. Effect on Antioxidant Systems
4.10. Genomic Damage
4.11. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | LRI | Relative Quantity (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DB-5MS | DB-WAX | Citral Chemotype | ||
EOCit1–5 | F2 | |||
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 986 | 1241 | 3.3 | - |
Limonene | 1034 | 1105 | 6.6 | - |
Linalool | 1100 | 1453 | 1.9 | 0.2 |
Citronellal | 1154 | 1381 | 1.1 | - |
Nerol | 1231 | 1708 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
Neral | 1248 | 1589 | 21.5 | 31.5 |
Geraniol | 1252 | 1755 | 5.6 | 7.9 |
Geranial | 1275 | 1643 | 28.7 | 40.1 |
Geranyl Acetate | 1379 | 1662 | 1.5 | - |
β-Elemene | 1397 | 1496 | 3.0 | - |
trans-β-Caryophyllene | 1436 | 1506 | 12.1 | 9.8 |
α-Guaiene | 1447 | 1498 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
α-Humulene | 1471 | 1580 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
Germacrene D | 1486 | 1552 | 2.6 | 0.4 |
Bicyclosesquiphellandrene | 1496 | 1624 | - | 0.3 |
α-Bulnesene | 1515 | 1627 | 1.4 | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1600 | 1909 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
Combination ID Number | F2 | Cytarabine/Clofarabine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(IC50) | (μg/mL) | (IC50) | (μg/mL) | |
1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8X | 8.8/5.0 |
2 | ½X | 7.4 | 4X | 4.4/2.5 |
3 | 1X | 14.7 | 2X | 2.2/1.3 |
4 | 2X | 29.4 | 1X | 1.1/0.63 |
5 | 4X | 58.8 | ½X | 0.55/0.32 |
6 | 8X | 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0/0.0 |
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Quintero-García, W.L.; Espinel-Mesa, D.X.; Moreno, E.M.; Stashenko, E.; Mesa-Arango, A.C.; García, L.T. Enhancing Selectivity and Inhibitory Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs Against Myelogenous Leukemia Cells with Lippia alba Essential Oil Enriched in Citral. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168920
Quintero-García WL, Espinel-Mesa DX, Moreno EM, Stashenko E, Mesa-Arango AC, García LT. Enhancing Selectivity and Inhibitory Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs Against Myelogenous Leukemia Cells with Lippia alba Essential Oil Enriched in Citral. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168920
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuintero-García, Wendy Lorena, Denerieth Ximena Espinel-Mesa, Erika Marcela Moreno, Elena Stashenko, Ana Cecilia Mesa-Arango, and Liliana Torcoroma García. 2024. "Enhancing Selectivity and Inhibitory Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs Against Myelogenous Leukemia Cells with Lippia alba Essential Oil Enriched in Citral" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168920