A Cationic Zn-Phthalocyanine Turns Alzheimer’s Amyloid β Aggregates into Non-Toxic Oligomers and Inhibits Neurotoxicity in Culture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of cZnPc on the Aβ1-42 Fibril-Formation Process
2.2. Effects of cZnPc on Aβ1-42 Oligomer Formation
2.3. Binding of cZnPc with Aβ1-42 Peptide
2.4. Effects of cZnPc on Hydrophobicity during Aβ1-42 Fibril Formation
2.5. Effects of cZnPc on Tyrosine and Intrinsic Fluorescence during the Aβ1-42 Fibril-Formation Process
2.6. Effects of cZnPc on Aβ1-42-Induced Neuronal Toxicity in Culture
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Synthesis of N-Methyl-Pyridinium Containing Cationic ZnPc (cZnPc)
4.3. Aβ Peptide Fibril Formation
4.4. Assessment of Aβ Fibril by ThT Fluorescence Assay
4.5. Electron Microscopy
4.6. Tyrosine Fluorescence Assay
4.7. Internal Fluorescence Spectroscopy
4.8. ANS Fluorescence Spectroscopy
4.9. Elongation Assay
4.10. Aβ Dot Blot Assay for Oligomer Analysis
4.11. Aβ Western Blotting for Oligomer Analysis
4.12. Aβ1-42 and cZnPc Docking Simulations
4.13. Cell Culture
4.14. MTT Cell Viability Assay
4.15. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sheikh, A.M.; Tabassum, S.; Yano, S.; Abdullah, F.B.; Wang, R.; Ikeue, T.; Nagai, A. A Cationic Zn-Phthalocyanine Turns Alzheimer’s Amyloid β Aggregates into Non-Toxic Oligomers and Inhibits Neurotoxicity in Culture. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168931
Sheikh AM, Tabassum S, Yano S, Abdullah FB, Wang R, Ikeue T, Nagai A. A Cationic Zn-Phthalocyanine Turns Alzheimer’s Amyloid β Aggregates into Non-Toxic Oligomers and Inhibits Neurotoxicity in Culture. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168931
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheikh, Abdullah Md., Shatera Tabassum, Shozo Yano, Fatema Binte Abdullah, Ruochen Wang, Takahisa Ikeue, and Atsushi Nagai. 2024. "A Cationic Zn-Phthalocyanine Turns Alzheimer’s Amyloid β Aggregates into Non-Toxic Oligomers and Inhibits Neurotoxicity in Culture" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168931