Skin Improvement Effects of Ultrasound-Enzyme-Treated Collagen Peptide Extracts from Flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) Skin in an In Vitro Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Ultrasound-Based Collagen Extraction from Flatfish Skin
2.2. Enzyme Treatment of Ultrasonicated Collagen
2.2.1. Enzyme Reaction Condition
2.2.2. Skin Anti-Oxidant Effect of Ultrasound-Enzyme Treated Collagen Peptide
2.2.3. Skin Anti-Wrinkle Effect of Ultrasound-Papain Treated Collagen Peptide
2.3. Isolation of Ultrasound-Papain Treated Collagen Peptide
2.4. Skin Functionality of Ultrasound-Papain Treated Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide
2.4.1. Anti-Wrinkle Effect
2.4.2. Whitening Effect
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Ultrasound Treatment for Collagen Extraction from Flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) Skin
3.2. Enzyme Treatment of Ultrasound Treated Collagen
3.3. Separation of Ultrasound-Enzyme Treated Collagen
3.4. Analysis of Molecular Weight
3.5. Cell Culture
3.6. Cell Viability
3.7. UVB Irradiation
3.8. Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
3.9. Western Blot
3.10. Melanin Content
3.11. Cellular Tyrosinase Assay
3.12. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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UE | UEF1 | UEF2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Number Average Molecular weight (Mn, Da) | 619 | 650 | 360 |
Weight Average Molecular weight (Mw, Da) | 1095 | 1100 | 468 |
Z Average Molecular weight (Mz, Da) | 2824 | 2202 | 710 |
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Eom, S.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Ryu, A.-R.; Park, H.; Lee, J.-H.; Park, J.-H.; Lee, N.-H.; Lee, S.; Lim, T.-G.; Kang, M.-C.; et al. Skin Improvement Effects of Ultrasound-Enzyme-Treated Collagen Peptide Extracts from Flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) Skin in an In Vitro Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179300
Eom S-J, Kim J-H, Ryu A-R, Park H, Lee J-H, Park J-H, Lee N-H, Lee S, Lim T-G, Kang M-C, et al. Skin Improvement Effects of Ultrasound-Enzyme-Treated Collagen Peptide Extracts from Flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) Skin in an In Vitro Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179300
Chicago/Turabian StyleEom, Su-Jin, Jae-Hoon Kim, A-Reum Ryu, Heejin Park, Jae-Hoon Lee, Jung-Hyun Park, Nam-Hyouck Lee, Saerom Lee, Tae-Gyu Lim, Min-Cheol Kang, and et al. 2024. "Skin Improvement Effects of Ultrasound-Enzyme-Treated Collagen Peptide Extracts from Flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) Skin in an In Vitro Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179300