The Biological Characteristics of Mycobacterium Phage Henu3 and the Fitness Cost Associated with Its Resistant Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Morphological Characterization of Henu3
2.2. Biological Characterization of Phage Henu3
2.3. Influence of Temperature, pH, and Ultraviolet on Phage Henu3 Stability
2.4. The Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Phage Henu3
2.5. Isolation of Phage-Resistant Bacteria
2.6. Phage-Resistant Strain Exhibits Increased Sensitivity to Antibiotics
2.7. Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing Analysis of Phage-Resistant Bacteria 0G10 and 2E1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Purification of Phage Henu3
4.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
4.3. Genomic Sequencing of Phage Henu3
4.4. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Whole-Genome Sequence of Henu3
4.5. Optimal Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) for Phage Henu3
4.6. One-Step Growth Curve of Phage Henu3
4.7. Thermal, pH, and Ultraviolet Stability of Phage Henu3
4.8. Testing for Phage-Resistant Strains
4.9. Forward and Reverse Validation of Phage-Resistant Bacteria
4.10. Detection of Susceptibility of Phage-Resistant Bacteria to Various Antibiotics
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Mutation Location | Mutant Genes | Type of Mutation | REF | ALT | Function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2E1 | 632863 | MSMEG_0555 | INDEL | C | CACACTGTTCTGCGCGTTGTAGACGCGGTTCGACGACGCCGACAGCTCTTTGT | Carbohydrate ABC transporter permease |
0G102E1 | 1000473 | MSMEG_0916 | INDEL | GCC | G | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator |
0G10, 2E1 | 1127759 | MSMEG_1060 | INDEL | CCTG | C | Lsr2 family protein |
0G10, 2E1 | 2085173 | MSMEG_2004 | INDEL | CGG | C | MFS transporter |
0G10 | 2429903 | MSMEG_2348 | INDEL | C | CG | Glycosyltransferase |
2E1 | 4550626 | MSMEG_4468 | INDEL | GAAT | G | Sugar ABC transporter substrate-binding protein |
0G10, 2E1 | 4596508 | MSMEG_4512 | INDEL | GC | G | Mycobactin polyketide synthase MbtD |
0G10, 2E1 | 5940372 | MSMEG_5878 | INDEL | C | CGG | Cutinase family protein |
0G10, 2E1 | 6148093 | MSMEG_6084 | INDEL | G | GC | Helix-turn-helix domain containing protein |
0G10, 2E1 | 6302176 | MSMEG_6236 | INDEL | T | TGGCCTC | Two-component system response regulator MnoR |
0G10, 2E1 | 6768692 | MSMEG_6720 | INDEL | GC | G | Alpha/beta hydrolase |
0G10, 2E1 | 6803027 | MSMEG_6758 | INDEL | GCACCCT | G | Aquaporin family protein |
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Li, X.; Xu, J.; Wang, Y.; Gomaa, S.E.; Zhao, H.; Teng, T. The Biological Characteristics of Mycobacterium Phage Henu3 and the Fitness Cost Associated with Its Resistant Strains. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179301
Li X, Xu J, Wang Y, Gomaa SE, Zhao H, Teng T. The Biological Characteristics of Mycobacterium Phage Henu3 and the Fitness Cost Associated with Its Resistant Strains. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179301
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xinyu, Junge Xu, Yuhan Wang, Salwa E. Gomaa, Huijie Zhao, and Tieshan Teng. 2024. "The Biological Characteristics of Mycobacterium Phage Henu3 and the Fitness Cost Associated with Its Resistant Strains" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179301