Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Comparison of Vaginal Smear Cytology, Vaginal Opening, and AR Value
2.2. Estimation of Mating Efficiency for Female Mice with Different Vaginal AR Values
2.3. MEDProTM Application for Determining Female Mice Superovulation
2.4. Assessment of Distress Caused by Measuring the AR with MEDProTM
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Vaginal Opening Observation
4.3. General Principles of MEDProTM Design and Measurement
4.4. Vaginal Smear Cytology for Mouse Estrous Cycle Stage Identification
4.5. Mouse Mating
4.6. Female Mice Superovulation
4.7. Behavioral Test
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement Range, kΩ | 0–50 |
Accuracy, kΩ | 0.1 |
Operating frequency, kHz (sinusoidal) | 1 |
Mode | Auto, Manual |
AV (sinusoidal) through probe electrodes (Auto and Manual mode), mV | 0.4–4.0 |
Maximum AC through probe electrodes (Auto mode), µA | <1 |
Maximum DC through probe electrodes (Auto and Manual mode), µA | <1 |
Probe, mm | L20xO.D.1.82 |
Dimensions (without cable), mm | L138xO.D.12.5 |
Weight (without cable), g | 30 |
Color graphic 2.4” Touch Display, Dimensions, mm | 117 × 79 × 33 |
Weight (including batteries), g | 220 |
Battery, 1.5V, AA, element | 3 |
Battery Life (when used continuously), hour | >12 |
Cable AUX Jack 3.5mm Male to Male Audio for Headphones, m | 1 |
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Belozertseva, I.V.; Merkulovs, D.D.; Kaiser, H.; Rozhdestvensky, T.S.; Skryabin, B.V. Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179429
Belozertseva IV, Merkulovs DD, Kaiser H, Rozhdestvensky TS, Skryabin BV. Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179429
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelozertseva, Irina V., Dmitrijs D. Merkulovs, Helena Kaiser, Timofey S. Rozhdestvensky, and Boris V. Skryabin. 2024. "Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179429