Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogels Can Reduce In Vitro Chemokine Expression in Oral Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Screening of DMF Concentrations
2.2. DMF Reduced IL1β and TNFα or SLV-Induced Chemokines in Gingival Fibroblasts
2.3. DMF Reduced IL1β and TNFα-Induced Chemokines in HSC2 Cells
2.4. DMF Inhibits the Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, but Not of p38 or p65, in IL1β and TNFα-Induced Gingival Fibroblasts
2.5. Rheological Properties of Gellan Gum Hydrogel Loaded with DMF
2.6. Morphology, Injectability and Swelling Properties of Gellan Gum Hydrogel Loaded with DMF
2.7. DMF Release
2.8. DMF Released from Hydrogel Reduced IL1β and TNFα-Induced Chemokines in Gingival Fibroblasts
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Gingival Fibroblasts and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells HSC2
4.2. Dimethyl Fumarate and Inflammatory Agonist Stimulations
4.3. Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogel
4.4. Physicochemical Properties of Gellan Gum Hydrogel
4.5. Release Kinetics of Dimethyl Fumarate from Gellan Gum Hydrogel
4.6. Cell Viability Assay
4.7. Trypan Blue Staining and Live/Dead Staining
4.8. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Immunoassay
4.9. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.10. Western Blot
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes | Forward Sequences | Afterward Sequences |
---|---|---|
CXCL1 | TCCTGCATCCCCCATAGTTA | CTTCAGGAACAGCCACCAGT |
CXCL2 | CCCATGGTTAAGAAAATCATCG | CTTCAGGAACAGCCACCAAT |
CXCL8 | AACTTCTCCACAACCCTCTG | TTGGCAGCCTTCCTGATTTC |
CXCL10 | TGCCATTCTGATTTGCTGCC | TGCAGGTACAGCGTACAGTT |
CCL2 | AGAATCACCAGCAGCAAGTGTC | TCCTGAACCCACTTCTGCTTG |
GAPDH | AAGCCACATCGCTCAGACAC | GCCCAATACGACCAAATCC |
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Wang, L.; dos Santos Sanches, N.; Panahipour, L.; Imani, A.; Yao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Li, L.; Gruber, R. Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogels Can Reduce In Vitro Chemokine Expression in Oral Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179485
Wang L, dos Santos Sanches N, Panahipour L, Imani A, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Gruber R. Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogels Can Reduce In Vitro Chemokine Expression in Oral Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179485
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Lei, Natalia dos Santos Sanches, Layla Panahipour, Atefe Imani, Yili Yao, Yan Zhang, Lingli Li, and Reinhard Gruber. 2024. "Dimethyl Fumarate-Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogels Can Reduce In Vitro Chemokine Expression in Oral Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179485