Manual Therapy Improves Fibromyalgia Symptoms by Downregulating SIK1
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Design, Demographics, and Phenotyping
2.1.1. Demographics of Participants by Study Cohort
2.1.2. Participant Phenotyping
2.2. Differential Gene Expression in PBMCs of FM with Therapy
2.3. Gene Enrichment and Pathway Analysis with MT in the Immune System of FM
2.4. RT-qPCR Validation of Protein-Coding Genes Differentially Expressed in Response to MT in FM
2.5. Correlation of Genes Differentially Expressed in Response to MT with Patient Symptoms and Sensitivity to Pain (PPTs)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Intervention
4.2. Total RNA Preparation and Quality Assessment
4.3. RNAseq
4.4. Enrichment Analysis
4.5. RT-qPCR Validation
4.6. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questionnaire | Total Cohort (n = 38) Mean Pre- ± SD [Range] | RNAseq RNAseq Cohort (n = 6) Mean Pre- ± SD [Range] | Non-FM Cohort (n = 12) Mean Pre- ± SD [Range] | p-Value (1) | p-Value (2) | p-Value (3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIQ | ||||||
Total FIQ | 72.62 ± 15.67 [41.08–96.51] | 80.05 ± 17.26 [46.12–92.09] | 27.29 ± 13.28 [5.64–49.64] | 0.269 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
Function | 5.16 ± 2.29 [0–9.24] | 5.72 ± 2.11 [3.3–8.25] | 2.39 ± 0.50 [1.98–3.63] | 0.492 | 0.016 | 0.012 |
Overall | 8.30 ± 2.23 [2.86–10.01] | 8.10 ± 1.73 [5.72–10.01] | 9.17 ± 2.88 [0–10.01] | 0.817 | 0.530 | 0.043 |
Symptoms | 4.59 ± 3.72 [0–10.01] | 7.39 ± 3.77 [0–10.01] | 0.47 ± 1.11 [0–2.86] | 0.079 | 0.014 | 0.005 |
MFI | ||||||
General Fatigue | 11.5 ± 1.6 [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] | 11 ± 1.79 [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] | 11.41 ± 4.21 [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] | 0.274 | 0.694 | 0.211 |
Physical Fatigue | 12.3 ± 1.2 [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] | 12.83 ± 1.17 [12, 13, 14, 15] | 9.91 ± 3.75 [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] | 0.741 | 0.023 | 0.218 |
Reduced Activity | 12.1 ± 1.9 [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 11.5 ± 2.74 [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] | 8.08 ± 2.87 [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
Reduced Motivation | 10.6 ± 2.7 [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 10.83 ± 4.54 [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 7.58 ± 3.14 [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] | 0.920 | 0.082 | 0.009 |
Mental Fatigue | 11.5 ± 1.8 [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] | 11.5 ± 1.52 [10, 11, 12, 13, 14] | 7.08 ± 3.34 [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] | 0.363 | <0.01 | 0.033 |
SF-36 | ||||||
Physical Functioning (PF) | 38.95 ± 17.48 [0–85] | 37.5 ± 16.96 [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60] | 87.50 ± 13.56 [65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] | 0.690 | <0.001 | 0.010 |
Role Physical (RP) | 28.95 ± 21.87 [0–81.25] | 16.67 ± 17.08 [0–43.75] | 85.41 ± 16.92 [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] | 0.652 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Bodily Pain (BP) | 26.64 ± 18.39 [0–70] | 18.75 ± 12.12 [0–35] | 63.75 ± 16.32 [45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] | 0.108 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
General Health (GH) | 29.68 ± 16.03 [0–65] | 22.5 ± 19.69 [0–45] | 69.58 ± 14.84 [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85] | 0.242 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
Vitality (VT) | 16.12 ± 15.83 [0–50] | 10.42 ± 15.14 [0–37.5] | 59.89 ± 10.47 [43.75–75] | 0.182 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
Social Functioning (SF) | 35.20 ± 27.39 [0–87.5] | 22.92 ± 18.40 [0–50] | 88.54 ± 13.54 [62.5–100] | 0.112 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
Role Emotional (RE) | 56.58 ± 37.12 [0–100] | 43.06 ± 36.29 [0–83.33] | 84.72 ± 20.04 [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] | 0.305 | 0.174 | 0.060 |
Mental Health (MH) | 47.24 ± 21.92 [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] | 40 ± 24.08 [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70] | 76.66 ± 18.25 [40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95] | 0.339 | 0.008 | 0.054 |
Total Cohort (n = 38) | RNAseq RNAseq Cohort (n = 6) | Non-FM Cohort (n = 12) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tender Points | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD [Range] | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD [Range] | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD [Range] | p-Value (1) | p-Value (2) | p-Value (3) |
Occiput right * | 0.8062 ± 0.3771 [0.056–1.525] | 0.908 ± 0.252 [0.348–1.135] | 4.715 ± 1.457 [2.770–8.391] | 0.555 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Occiput left * | 0.8606 ± 0.4029 [0.097–1.733] | 0.931 ± 0.257 [0.367–1.270] | 5.025 ± 2.056 [2.800–10.88] | 0.696 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Trapezius right * | 0.9371 ± 0.3521 [0.240–1.493] | 0.985 ± 0.307 [0.398–1.937] | 5.946 ± 1.739 [3.410–8.491] | 0.052 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Trapezius left * | 0.9757 ± 0.4149 [0.140–1.825] | 1.126 ± 0.378 [0.398–1.883] | 5.327 ± 1.336 [3.521–11.40] | 0.246 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
Supraspinatus right * | 1.0115 ± 0.4311 [0.217–1.905] | 1.202 ± 0.336 [0.550–1.968 | 6.506 ± 2.608 [3.384–13.38] | 0.915 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Supraspinatus left * | 1.0050 ± 0.4045 [0.177–1.838] | 1.086 ± 0.438 [0.405–1.613] | 6.687 ± 2.313 [3.010–12.15] | 0.939 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Gluteal right * | 1.3336 ± 0.6430 [0.158–2.780] | 1.563 ± 0.654 [0.930–2.698] | 8.657 ± 3.588 [4.651–15.37] | 0.936 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
Gluteal left * | 1.3617 ± 0.6481 [0.207–2.670] | 1.547 ± 0.598 [0.667–2.433] | 9.13 ± 2.893 [4.120–14.34] | 0.944 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
Low cervical right * | 0.4879 ± 0.2684 [0.000–1.172] | 0.541 ± 0.134 [0.218–0.707] | 3.028 ± 1.132 [1.291–5.611] | 0.943 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Low cervical left * | 0.4732 ± 0.2347 [0.095–1.070] | 0.434 ± 0.145 [0.183–0.625] | 2.725 ± 1.361 [1.400–6.821] | 0.332 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Second rib right | 0.7123 ± 0.4746 [0.152–2.665] | 0.813 ± 0.322 [0.323–1.292] | 5.281 ± 2.332 [3.060–11.15] | 0.855 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Second rib left | 0.7036 ± 0.4530 [0.153–2.307] | 0.806 ± 0.356 [0.238–1.338] | 4.936 ± 2.771 [2.961–12.6] | 0.948 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Lateral epicondyle humerus right | 0.8170 ± 0.4386 [0.080–1.830] | 1.048 ± 0.331 [0.440–1.447] | 5.868 ± 2.238 [2.722–11.52] | 0.892 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Lateral epicondyle humerus left | 0.8495 ± 0.3602 [0.298–1.823] | 1.024 ± 0.311 [0.327–1.498] | 5.719 ± 2.479 [3.133–12.34] | 0.465 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Greater trochanter right | 1.9234 ± 0.9089 [0.285–1.823] | 2.077 ± 0.921 [0.548–3.362] | 9.073 ± 2.266 [4.642–13.54] | 0.133 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Greater trochander left | 1.8306 ± 0.8524 [0.472–3.955] | 1.928 ± 0.836 [0.793–3.195] | 8.822 ± 2.875 [3.970–13.94] | 0.532 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
Knee right | 1.1938 ± 0.6141 [0.263–2.505] | 1.543 ± 0.618 [0.578–2.505] | 8.766 ± 3.377 [3.511–16.80] | 0.491 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Knee left | 1.2958 ± 0.7296 [0.000–2.980] | 1.637 ± 0.569 [0.542–1.930] | 8.434 ± 3.007 [3.824–13.07] | 0.977 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Transcript | Post.Value | Pre.Value | FC (Post/Pre) | Log2FC | p-Value | Indiv.pval < 0.05 | Gene_Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UPREGULATED | |||||||
ENST00000361763 | 116.22 | 29.0968 | 3.994 | 1.997 | 0.0001 | 1.2.3.5.6 | CD3E |
ENST00000307271 | 20.6445 | 14.0276 | 1.472 | 0.557 | 0.00730 | 2.3.4 | GIMAP8 |
ENST00000399220 | 76.4694 | 53.082 | 1.44 | 0.526 | 0.01760 | 1.2.3.4 | CX3CR1 |
ENST00000296028 | 42.3176 | 29.9796 | 1.412 | 0.497 | 0.03415 | 1.4.5 | PPBP |
ENST00000304141 | 52.6702 | 39.3078 | 1.340 | 0.422 | 0.03320 | 1.4.5 | SDPR |
ENST00000367460 | 54.5804 | 41.3812 | 1.319 | 0.399 | 0.04980 | 1.2.4 | RGS18 |
DOWNREGULATED | |||||||
ENST00000295924 | 10.7353 | 15.596 | 0.6883 | −0.538 | 0.02835 | 2.3.4 | TIPARP |
ENST00000330871 | 51.7681 | 88.0488 | 0.588 | −0.76624 | 0.00030 | 2.3.4.6 | SOCS3 |
ENST00000288943 | 47.6877 | 90.7936 | 0.525 | −0.92897 | 0.00160 | 2.4.5 | DUSP2 |
ENST00000230990 | 3.1006 | 12.3126 | 0.251 | −1.9895 | 0.0021 | 1.2.3.4.6 | HBEGF |
ENST00000307407 | 40.7346 | 164.584 | 0.2475 | −2.0145 | 5.00 × 10−5 | 1.4.5.6 | CXCL8 |
ENST00000369448 | 21.5097 | 43.1226 | 0.499 | −1.0034 | 0.00005 | 1.3.5.6 | FAM46C |
ENST00000242480 | 3.61705 | 7.42934 | 0.487 | −1.0384 | 0.01290 | 1.2.3.4.6 | EGR2 |
ENST00000370626 | 1.7777 | 3.73306 | 0.048 | −1.0703 | 0.00680 | 1.2.4 | AVPI1 |
ENST00000377103 | 1.30687 | 2.91557 | 0.488 | −1.1576 | 0.00045 | 1.2.6 | THBD |
ENST00000357949 | 3.02653 | 7.21969 | 0.419 | −1.2542 | 0.00015 | 1.2.4 | SERTAD1 |
ENST00000397806 | 139.994 | 354.549 | 0.395 | −1.3406 | 0.00540 | 1.2.6 | HBA2 |
ENST00000237305 | 13.9606 | 35.5195 | 0.393 | −1.3472 | 0.03305 | 1.5.6 | SGK1 |
ENST00000436139 | 3.12892 | 8.02824 | 0.390 | −1.3594 | 0.00005 | 2.3.6 | RASGEF1B |
ENST00000379775 | 6.77581 | 17.804 | 0.3805 | −1.3937 | 7.00 × 10−4 | 1.2.4 | PFKFB3 |
ENST00000270162 | 0.63422 | 1.68599 | 0.004 | −1.4105 | 0.00005 | 1.2.3.4.5.6 | SIK1 |
ENST00000278175 | 10.4363 | 3.46589 | 0.301 | −1.7316 | 0.01270 | 3.5.6 | ADM |
ENST00000508487 | 1.4087 | 6.71942 | 0.021 | −2.2539 | 0.02150 | 1.5.6 | CXCL2 |
ENST00000244869 | 0.492138 | 2.50443 | 0.002 | −2.3473 | 0.02260 | 1.5.6 | EREG |
Total Cohort (n = 38) | RNAseq RNAseq Cohort (n = 6) | Non-FM Cohort (n = 12) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Questionnaire | Mean Pre- ± SD | Mean Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range | Mean Pre- ± SD | Mean Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range | Mean Pre- ± SD | Mean Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range |
FIQ | ||||||||||||
Total FIQ | 72.62 ± 15.67 | 64.15 ± 18.25 | 0.0334 | [41.08–96.51] | 80.05 ± 17.26 | 68.71 ± 19.74 | 0.084 | [46.12–92.09] | 27.29 ± 13.28 | 26.97 ± 11.59 | 0.677 | [5.64–49.64] |
Function | 5.16 ± 2.29 | 4.62 ± 2.43 | 0.3249 | [0–9.24] | 5.72 ± 2.11 | 5.225 ± 2.22 | 0.456 | [3.3–8.25] | 2.39 ± 0.50 | 2.42 ± 0.49 | 0.339 | [1.98–3.63] |
Overall | 8.30 ± 2.23 | 6.74 ± 305 | 0.0117 | [2.86–10.01] | 8.10 ± 1.73 | 8.103 ± 2.811 | 1.000 | [5.72–10.01] | 9.17 ± 2.88 | 9.41 ± 1.42 | 0.674 | [0–10.01] |
Symptoms | 4.59 ± 3.72 | 4.14 ± 3.32 | 0.2139 | [0–10.01] | 7.39 ± 3.77 | 4.05 ± 3.55 | 0.122 | [0–10.01] | 0.47 ± 1.11 | 0.47 ± 1.10 | 0.339 | [0–2.86] |
MFI | ||||||||||||
General Fatigue | 11.5 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 1.1 | 0.4383 | [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] | 11 ± 1.79 | 11.83 ± 0.40 | 0.317 | [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] | 11.41 ± 4.21 | 10.83 ± 3.56 | 0.027 | [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] |
Physical Fatigue | 12.3 ± 1.2 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 0.8124 | [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16] | 12.83 ± 1.17 | 13.33 ± 1.96 | 0.490 | [12, 13, 14, 15] | 9.91 ± 3.75 | 9.66 ± 3.31 | 0.191 | [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] |
Reduced Activity | 12.1 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 2.3 | 0.8507 | [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 11.5 ± 2.74 | 11.5 ± 1.37 | 1.000 | [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] | 8.08 ± 2.87 | 8.16 ± 3.04 | 0.339 | [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] |
Reduced Motivation | 10.6 ± 2.7 | 10.7 ± 2.6 | 0.8765 | [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 10.83 ± 4.54 | 10.66 ± 2.58 | 0.872 | [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] | 7.58 ± 3.14 | 7.5 ± 2.93 | 0.339 | [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] |
Mental Fatigue | 11.5 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | 0.4786 | [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15] | 11.5 ± 1.52 | 11 ± 1.09 | 0.597 | [10, 11, 12, 13, 14] | 7.08 ± 3.34 | 6.75 ± 3.01 | 0.104 | [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] |
SF-36 | ||||||||||||
Physical Functioning (PF) | 38.95 ± 17.48 | 41.46 ± 16.55 | 0.9486 | [0–85] | 37.5 ± 16.96 | 37.5 ± 14.74 | 1.000 | [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60] | 87.50 ± 13.56 | 87.50 ± 13.04 | 0.795 | [65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] |
Role Physical (RP) | 28.95 ± 21.87 | 34.21 ± 25.24 | 0.7732 | [0–81.25] | 16.67 ± 17.08 | 37.5 ± 27.38 | 0.093 | [0–43.75] | 85.41 ± 16.92 | 85.93 ± 16.45 | 0.586 | [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] |
Bodily Pain (BP) | 26.64 ± 18.39 | 36.45 ± 23.65 | 0.2341 | [0–70] | 18.75 ± 12.12 | 30 ± 19.74 | 0.112 | [0–35] | 63.75 ± 16.32 | 63.12 ± 16.72 | 0.339 | [45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] |
General Health (GH) | 29.68 ± 16.03 | 27.76 ± 15.14 | 0.9010 | [0–65] | 22.5 ± 19.69 | 19.16 ± 14.28 | 0.286 | [0–45] | 69.58 ± 14.84 | 72.08 ± 12.14 | 0.191 | [35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85] |
Vitality (VT) | 16.12 ± 15.83 | 20.53 ± 21.71 | 0.5948 | [0–50] | 10.42 ± 15.14 | 12.5 ± 15.81 | 0.576 | [0–37.5] | 59.89 ± 10.47 | 57.29 ± 14.05 | 0.096 | [43.75–75] |
Social Functioning (SF) | 35.20 ± 27.39 | 46.91 ± 27.20 | 0.8543 | [0–87.5] | 22.92 ± 18.40 | 37.5 ± 27.38 | 0.135 | [0–50] | 88.54 ± 13.54 | 89.58 ± 13.93 | 0.586 | [62.5–100] |
Role Emotional (RE) | 56.58 ± 37.12 | 53.51 ± 34.64 | 0.3037 | [0–100] | 43.06 ± 36.29 | 48.61 ± 30 | 0.444 | [0–83.33] | 84.72 ± 20.04 | 86.8 ± 17.57 | 0.082 | [50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100] |
Mental Health (MH) | 47.24 ± 21.92 | 54.08 ± 22.08 | 0.9804 | [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90] | 40 ± 24.08 | 41.66 ± 22.94 | 0.846 | [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70] | 76.66 ± 18.25 | 45.93 ± 10.17 | 0.001 | [40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95] |
Total Cohort (n = 38) | RNAseq RNAseq Cohort (n = 6) | Non-FM Cohort (n = 12) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tender Points | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD | Mean PPTs Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD | Mean PPTs Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range | Mean PPTs Pre- ± SD | Mean PPTs Post- ± SD | p-Value | Range |
Occiput right * | 0.8062 ± 0.3771 | 0.8404 ± 0.3187 | 0.6732 | [0.056–1.525] | 0.908 ± 0.252 | 0.743 ± 0.307 | 0.457 | [0.348–1.135] | 4.715 ± 1.457 | 4.228 ± 1.179 | 0.104 | [2.770–8.391] |
Occiput left * | 0.8606 ± 0.4029 | 0.8095 ± 0.3264 | 0.4646 | [0.097–1.733] | 0.931 ± 0.257 | 0.846 ± 0.351 | 0.640 | [0.367–1.270] | 5.025 ± 2.056 | 4.577 ± 1.872 | 0.167 | [2.800–10.88] |
Trapezius right * | 0.9371 ± 0.3521 | 1.0741 ± 0.3597 | 0.0903 | [0.240–1.493] | 0.985 ± 0.307 | 1.173 ± 0.495 | 0.457 | [0.398–1.937] | 5.946 ± 1.739 | 5.172 ± 0.979 | 0.085 | [3.410–8.491] |
Trapezius left * | 0.9757 ± 0.4149 | 0.9725 ± 0.6339 | 0.1890 | [0.140–1.825] | 1.126 ± 0.378 | 1.213 ± 0.487 | 0.735 | [0.398–1.883] | 5.327 ± 1.336 | 5.58 ± 2.189 | 0.587 | [3.521–11.40] |
Supraspinatus right * | 1.0115 ± 0.4311 | 1.0115 ± 0.4139 | 0.4478 | [0.217–1.905] | 1.202 ± 0.336 | 1.416 ± 0.555 | 0.240 | [0.550–1.968 | 6.506 ± 2.608 | 6.046 ± 1.845 | 0.285 | [3.384–13.38] |
Supraspinatus left * | 1.0050 ± 0.4045 | 1.0050 ± 0.3470 | 0.3924 | [0.177–1.838] | 1.086 ± 0.438 | 1.113 ± 0.342 | 0.908 | [0.405–1.613] | 6.687 ± 2.313 | 6.081 ± 2.324 | 0.090 | [3.010–12.15] |
Gluteal right * | 1.3336 ± 0.6430 | 1.3286 ± 0.5877 | 0.1359 | [0.158–2.780] | 1.563 ± 0.654 | 1.820 ± 0.692 | 0.524 | [0.930–2.698] | 8.657 ± 3.588 | 7.45 ± 1.697 | 0.156 | [4.651–15.37] |
Gluteal left * | 1.3617 ± 0.6481 | 1.3550 ± 0.6178 | 0.2443 | [0.207–2.670] | 1.547 ± 0.598 | 1.470 ± 0.518 | 0.817 | [0.667–2.433] | 9.13 ± 2.893 | 8.214 ± 2.548 | 0.168 | [4.120–14.34] |
Low cervical right * | 0.4879 ± 0.2684 | 0.4865 ± 0.1565 | 0.0536 | [0.000–1.172] | 0.541 ± 0.134 | 0.466 ± 0.186 | 0.438 | [0.218–0.707] | 3.028 ± 1.132 | 2.758 ± 1.183 | 0.333 | [1.291–5.611] |
Low cervical left * | 0.4732 ± 0.2347 | 0.4774 ± 0.1235 | 0.0197 | [0.095–1.070] | 0.434 ± 0.145 | 0.418 ± 0.142 | 0.843 | [0.183–0.625] | 2.725 ± 1.361 | 2.641 ± 1.389 | 0.603 | [1.400–6.821] |
Second rib right | 0.7123 ± 0.4746 | 0.7117 ± 0.2492 | 0.2971 | [0.152–2.665] | 0.813 ± 0.322 | 0.620 ± 0.344 | 0.340 | [0.323–1.292] | 5.281 ± 2.332 | 4.841 ± 2.308 | 0.034 | [3.060–11.15] |
Second rib left | 0.7036 ± 0.4530 | 0.7098 ± 0.2691 | 0.8424 | [0.153–2.307] | 0.806 ± 0.356 | 0.664 ± 0.383 | 0.523 | [0.238–1.338] | 4.936 ± 2.771 | 4.853 ± 2.651 | 0.720 | [2.961–12.6] |
Lateral epicondyle humerus right | 0.8170 ± 0.4386 | 0.8108 ± 0.2781 | 0.3622 | [0.080–1.830] | 1.048 ± 0.331 | 0.894 ± 0.315 | 0.428 | [0.440–1.447] | 5.868 ± 2.238 | 5.536 ± 2.122 | 0.324 | [2.722–11.52] |
Lateral epicondyle humerus left | 0.8495 ± 0.3602 | 0.8495 ± 0.3054 | 0.1305 | [0.298–1.823] | 1.024 ± 0.311 | 0.738 ± 0.308 | 0.140 | [0.327–1.498] | 5.719 ± 2.479 | 5.335 ± 2.231 | 0.355 | [3.133–12.34] |
Greater trochanter right | 1.9234 ± 0.9089 | 1.9144 ± 0.8721 | 0.3864 | [0.285–1.823] | 2.077 ± 0.921 | 1.858 ± 0.849 | 0.678 | [0.548–3.362] | 9.073 ± 2.266 | 8.155 ± 2.285 | 0.206 | [4.642–13.54] |
Greater trochander left | 1.8306 ± 0.8524 | 1.7636 ± 0.8665 | 0.9034 | [0.472–3.955] | 1.928 ± 0.836 | 2.103 ± 0.973 | 0.746 | [0.793–3.195] | 8.822 ± 2.875 | 7.822 ± 2.274 | 0.263 | [3.970–13.94] |
Knee right | 1.1938 ± 0.6141 | 1.1887 ± 0.3921 | 0.5056 | [0.263–2.505] | 1.543 ± 0.618 | 1.244 ± 0.468 | 0.368 | [0.578–2.505] | 8.766 ± 3.377 | 6.494 ± 3.411 | 0.006 | [3.511–16.80] |
Knee left | 1.2958 ± 0.7296 | 1.3025 ± 0.4544 | 0.2608 | [0.000–2.980] | 1.637 ± 0.569 | 1.337 ± 0.428 | 0.327 | [0.542–1.930] | 8.434 ± 3.007 | 5.974 ± 2.355 | 0.004 | [3.824–13.07] |
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Bonastre-Férez, J.; Giménez-Orenga, K.; Falaguera-Vera, F.J.; Garcia-Escudero, M.; Oltra, E. Manual Therapy Improves Fibromyalgia Symptoms by Downregulating SIK1. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179523
Bonastre-Férez J, Giménez-Orenga K, Falaguera-Vera FJ, Garcia-Escudero M, Oltra E. Manual Therapy Improves Fibromyalgia Symptoms by Downregulating SIK1. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179523
Chicago/Turabian StyleBonastre-Férez, Javier, Karen Giménez-Orenga, Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera, María Garcia-Escudero, and Elisa Oltra. 2024. "Manual Therapy Improves Fibromyalgia Symptoms by Downregulating SIK1" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179523