In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Newly Isolated N4-like Bacteriophage against ST45 K62 Capsular-Type Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: vB_kpnP_KPYAP-1
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of K. pneumoniae Clinical Isolated Strains
2.2. Isolation and Characterization of Phage vB_KpnP_KPYAP-1 (KPYAP-1)
2.3. Biological Properties of KPYAP-1
2.4. Genome Size Determination and Restriction Analysis of Phage DNA
2.5. Genome Analysis and Annotation
2.6. Proteomic Analysis
2.7. Phylogenetic Analysis of KPYAP-1
2.8. Genome Comparisons of KPYAP-1
2.9. Therapeutic Effect of KPYAP-1 on Kp20-Infected Zebrafish
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. Screening for Carbapenemase Production
4.3. Detecting the blaOXA-48 Gene
4.4. Phage Isolation and Purification
4.5. Phage Characterization
4.5.1. Morphological Observation of Phage by TEM
4.5.2. Host Range Analysis of Phage
4.5.3. One-Step Growth and Adsorption Efficiency of Phage
4.5.4. Time-Dependent Bacteriolytic Effect of Phage
4.5.5. Phage Stability at Varying Temperatures and pH Values
4.5.6. Phage DNA Isolation and Determination of Genome Size and Restriction Patterns by PFGE
4.5.7. Phage Genome Sequencing and Characterization
4.5.8. Phage Structural Protein Analysis and Mass Spectrometry
4.5.9. Evaluating Phage Effectiveness against K. pneumoniae-Infected Zebrafish
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Natarajan, S.P.; Teh, S.-H.; Lin, L.-C.; Lin, N.-T. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Newly Isolated N4-like Bacteriophage against ST45 K62 Capsular-Type Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: vB_kpnP_KPYAP-1. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179595
Natarajan SP, Teh S-H, Lin L-C, Lin N-T. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Newly Isolated N4-like Bacteriophage against ST45 K62 Capsular-Type Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: vB_kpnP_KPYAP-1. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179595
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatarajan, Shanmuga Priya, Soon-Hian Teh, Ling-Chun Lin, and Nien-Tsung Lin. 2024. "In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Newly Isolated N4-like Bacteriophage against ST45 K62 Capsular-Type Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: vB_kpnP_KPYAP-1" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9595. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179595