Sex Differences in Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs in a Mouse Model of CVB3 Myocarditis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CVB3-Infected Mice Show Cardiac Hypertrophy, Increased Immune Infiltrates and Fibrosis in Myocardial Tissue
2.2. Sex-Dependent Downregulation of ERK Activity in the Mouse Model of CVB3-Induced Chronic Myocarditis
2.3. Sex Differences in the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in the Mouse Model of CVB3-Induced Chronic Myocarditis
2.4. Sex Differences in the Inflammatory- and Remodeling-Related miRNA Expression in Mice with CVB3-Induced Chronic Myocarditis
3. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Analysis of Heart Weight to Body Weight Ratio
4.3. Analysis of Collagen Content in LV Cardiac Tissue
4.4. Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltrates in LV Cardiac Tissue
4.5. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.6. Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CVB3 | coxsackievirus B3 |
E2 | 17β-estradiol |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
GM-CSF | granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MCP-1 | monocyte chemotactic protein-1 |
M-CSF | macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
miRNA | microRNA |
NFκB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells |
OPN | osteopontin |
TLR4 | toll-like receptor 4 |
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Estepa, M.; Niehues, M.H.; Vakhrusheva, O.; Haritonow, N.; Ladilov, Y.; Barcena, M.L.; Regitz-Zagrosek, V. Sex Differences in Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs in a Mouse Model of CVB3 Myocarditis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179666
Estepa M, Niehues MH, Vakhrusheva O, Haritonow N, Ladilov Y, Barcena ML, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Sex Differences in Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs in a Mouse Model of CVB3 Myocarditis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179666
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstepa, Misael, Maximilian H. Niehues, Olesya Vakhrusheva, Natalie Haritonow, Yury Ladilov, Maria Luisa Barcena, and Vera Regitz-Zagrosek. 2024. "Sex Differences in Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs in a Mouse Model of CVB3 Myocarditis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179666