Discriminating Benign from Malignant Lung Diseases Using Plasma Glycosaminoglycans and Cell-Free DNA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cohort Characteristics
2.2. Correlation between Plasma GAGomes and Lung Cancer Diagnosis
2.3. GAGome and cfDNA Score
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Cohort Characteristics
4.2. Plasma Collection and Isolation
4.3. GAGome Measurements
4.4. cfDNA Data
4.5. Statistical Analysis
4.5.1. GAGome Analysis
4.5.2. GAGome Score Development
4.5.3. cfDNA Score Development
4.5.4. Combined GAGome and cfDNA Test Pathway
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case (n = 85) | Control (n = 28) | Case vs. control, p-Value | Overall (n = 113) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
Mean (SD) | 70.4 (8.5) | 67.0 (14.4) | 0.246 | 69.6 (10.3) |
Gender | ||||
Female | 45 (52.9%) | 17 (60.7%) | 0.473 | 63 (55.3%) |
Male | 40 (47.1%) | 11 (39.3%) | 51 (44.7%) | |
Smoking | ||||
Smoker | 30 (35.3%) | 5 (17.9%) | 0.047 | 35 (31.0%) |
Ex-Smoker | 43 (50.6%) | 12 (42.9%) | 55 (48.7%) | |
Never-Smoker | 12 (14.1%) | 9 (32.1%) | 21 (18.6%) | |
Missing | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (1.8%) | |
Tumor size (cm) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.5 (2.4) | NA (NA) | 4.5 (2.4) | |
Median [Min, Max] | 4.0 [0.9, 12.5] | NA [NA, NA] | 4.0 [0.9, 12.5] | |
Missing | 4 (4.7%) | 28 (100%) | 32 (28.3%) | |
IASLC stage | ||||
I | 9 (10.6%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (8.0%) | |
II | 6 (7.1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (5.3%) | |
III | 18 (21.2%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (15.9%) | |
IV | 52 (61.2%) | 0 (0%) | 52 (46.0%) |
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Qvick, A.; Bratulic, S.; Carlsson, J.; Stenmark, B.; Karlsson, C.; Nielsen, J.; Gatto, F.; Helenius, G. Discriminating Benign from Malignant Lung Diseases Using Plasma Glycosaminoglycans and Cell-Free DNA. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189777
Qvick A, Bratulic S, Carlsson J, Stenmark B, Karlsson C, Nielsen J, Gatto F, Helenius G. Discriminating Benign from Malignant Lung Diseases Using Plasma Glycosaminoglycans and Cell-Free DNA. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):9777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189777
Chicago/Turabian StyleQvick, Alvida, Sinisa Bratulic, Jessica Carlsson, Bianca Stenmark, Christina Karlsson, Jens Nielsen, Francesco Gatto, and Gisela Helenius. 2024. "Discriminating Benign from Malignant Lung Diseases Using Plasma Glycosaminoglycans and Cell-Free DNA" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 9777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189777