The Comparative Characterization of a Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia Clinical Isolate Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Pathogenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Different Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates Responded Differently to Antibiotic Treatment
2.2. Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Does Not Form a Biofilm
2.3. The Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Reached Twice the Cell Density When Compared to Its Counterparts
2.4. The Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Does Not Shed Endotoxin into the Extracellular Milieu
2.5. The Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Secretes an Exotoxin into the Extracellular Milieu
2.6. The Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Secretes Zonula Occludens Toxin (Zot) into the Extracellular Milieu
2.7. The Activity of Zot Is Reversible
2.8. Phylogenetic Analysis of Numerous A. baumannii Genomes Reveals All Strains Tested Harbor the Gene Encoding Zonula Occludens Toxin
2.9. Protein Sequence Alignments and Structural Modeling of Zot Encoded by V. cholerae vs. A. baumannii Show a Low Degree of Amino Acid Sequence Identity with a High Degree of Structural Similarity
2.10. The Hypervirulent HUMC1 Clinical Isolate Is Fitter than Its Counterparts
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Strains
4.2. Antibiotic Resistance
4.3. Growth Kinetics
4.4. Endotoxin Shedding
4.5. Biofilm Quantification Assays
4.6. Heat Inactivation Experiments
4.7. Supernatant Fractionations and Microscopy
4.8. UniProt Database Mining
4.9. NCBI BLAST and MUSCLE Algorithm
4.10. Backtranslation
4.11. SWISS-MODEL
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | HUMC1 | HUMC6 | HUMC12 | ATCC 17978 | ATCC 19606 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSB | 0.32 | 3.7 × 103 | 3.6 × 103 | 3.7 × 103 | 3.5 × 103 |
DMEMF12 + 10% TSB | 0.65 | 1.5 × 103 | 1.6 × 103 | 1.6 × 103 | 1.6 × 103 |
DMEMF12 + 10% FBS | 0.34 | 1.8 × 103 | 1.7 × 103 | 1.6 × 103 | 1.8 × 103 |
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Benyamini, P. The Comparative Characterization of a Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia Clinical Isolate Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189780
Benyamini P. The Comparative Characterization of a Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia Clinical Isolate Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Pathogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):9780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189780
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenyamini, Payam. 2024. "The Comparative Characterization of a Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia Clinical Isolate Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Pathogenesis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 9780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189780