Overexpression of PER2 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Fatty Acid Desaturation, and Triglyceride Accumulation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Gene Expression Pattern
2.2. Transfection Efficiency of PER2
2.3. Lipogenic Genes mRNA Expression
2.4. Protein Abundance and Milk Fat Synthesis
2.5. Fatty Acid Content
3. Discussion
3.1. Circadian Oscillations of Genes
3.2. Fatty Acids Content
3.3. Milk Fat Metabolism
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Eukaryotic Expression Plasmid Construction
4.3. Cell Transfection
4.4. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR
4.5. Protein Extraction and Western Blotting
4.6. Triacylglycerol Content Determination
4.7. Immunocytofluorescence
4.8. Fatty Acid Measurements
4.9. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acid | pcDNA3.1-myc | pcDNA3.1-PER2 | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
C14:0 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.407 |
C16:0 | 0.022 a | 0.035 b | 0.003 | 0.014 |
C18:0 | 0.026 b | 0.017 a | 0.002 | 0.007 |
C18:1n9t | 0.038 a | 0.052 b | 0.002 | 0.002 |
C18:1n9c | 0.036 a | 0.045 b | 0.002 | 0.015 |
C18:2n6t | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.715 |
C22:1n9 | 0.009 b | 0.003 a | 0.001 | 0.000 |
C24:0 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.174 |
Acetic acid | 17.703 b | 11.635 a | 1.279 | 0.009 |
Propionic acid | 0.748 | 0.641 | 0.085 | 0.276 |
Isobutyric acid | 0.664 | 0.714 | 0.093 | 0.613 |
Butyric acid | 0.822 | 0.654 | 0.106 | 0.189 |
Isovaleric acid | 0.250 | 0.263 | 0.081 | 0.881 |
Valeric acid | 0.149 | 0.139 | 0.031 | 0.769 |
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Chen, Y.; Jing, Y.; Hu, L.; Xi, Z.; Lu, Z.; Loor, J.J.; Wang, M. Overexpression of PER2 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Fatty Acid Desaturation, and Triglyceride Accumulation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189785
Chen Y, Jing Y, Hu L, Xi Z, Lu Z, Loor JJ, Wang M. Overexpression of PER2 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Fatty Acid Desaturation, and Triglyceride Accumulation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):9785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189785
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yifei, Yujia Jing, Liangyu Hu, Zanna Xi, Zhiqi Lu, Juan J. Loor, and Mengzhi Wang. 2024. "Overexpression of PER2 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Fatty Acid Desaturation, and Triglyceride Accumulation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 9785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189785