RNA-Binding Protein-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pre-mRNA Splicing and Spliceosome Cycle
3. The Spliceosomal RBPs and Their RNA-Binding Elements in Plants
3.1. Splicing Regulatory Cis-Elements and Trans-Acting Factors in Splicing Regulation
3.2. The Spliceosomal RBPs in Plants
RBPs | RBDs | Genes | Metazoan Homologues | Genes (H.s.) | Spliceosomal Complexes (H.s.) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SR proteins | ||||||
SC35 | RRM_1 | AT5G64200 | SRSF2 | NP_003007 | A, B, B*, C | [33,75,76,77] |
SR33/SCL33 | RRM_1 | AT1G55310 | SRSF10 | NP_006616 | B, B*, C | [75,76] |
SCL30a | RRM_1 | AT3G13570 | ||||
SCL30 | RRM_1 | AT3G55460 | ||||
SCL28 | RRM_1 | AT5G18810 | ||||
SR34 | RRM_1 | AT1G02840 | SRSF1/ASF/SF2 | NP_008855 | A, B, B*, C | [33,75,76,77] |
SR34b | RRM_1 | AT4G02430 | ||||
SR30 | RRM_1 | AT1G09140 | ||||
SR34a | RRM_1 | AT3G49430 | ||||
RSZp22/SRZ22 | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT4G31580 | SRSF7 | NP_001026854 | A, B (U1), B*, C | [33,75,76,77,78] |
RSZp22a | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT2G24590 | ||||
RSzp21/SRZ21 | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT1G23860 | ||||
Tra/SFRS1 | RRM_1 | AT1G07350 | TRA2B | NP_004584 | A, B, B*, C | [33,75,76,77] |
- | RRM_1 | AT4G35785 | TRA2A | NP_037425 | A, B (U1), C | [33,77,78] |
SR-related proteins | ||||||
SRRM1L | PWI | AT2G29210 | SRRM1 | NP_005830 | A, B (U1), B*, C | [33,75,76,77,78] |
hnRNP family | ||||||
RNPA/B_1 | RRM_1 | AT4G14300 | HNRNPA3 | NP_919223 | A, B, C | [33,75,76,77] |
RNPA/B_2 | RRM_1 | AT2G33410 | ||||
RNPA/B_3 | RRM_1 | AT5G55550 | ||||
RNPA/B_4 | RRM_1 | AT4G26650 | ||||
RNPA/B_5 | RRM_1 | AT5G47620 | ||||
MSIL4 | RRM_1 | AT3G07810 | HNRNPA2B1 | NP_112533 | A, B (U1), C | [33,75,76,77,78] |
RNPA/B_7 | RRM_1 | AT1G58470 | ||||
RNPA/B_8a | RRM_1 | AT5G40490 | ||||
RBGD3 | RRM_1 | AT3G13224 | ||||
RNPA/B_8b | RRM_1 | AT1G17640 | ||||
RNP_N1 | RRM_1 | AT3G13224 | ||||
- | RRM_1 | AT5G46840 | ||||
UBA2a | RRM_1, Nup35_RRM | AT3G56860 | ||||
UBA2b | RRM_1 | AT2G41060 | ||||
UBA2c | RRM_1 | AT3G15010 | ||||
RBGD1 | RRM_1 | AT1G17640 | HNRPDL/DAP40a | NP_112740 | just identified in spliceosome | [79] |
PEP/PEPPER | KH_1, KH_2 | AT4G26000 | HNRNPF | NP_004957 | B (U1), C | [75,76,77,78] |
hnRNP-H/RNPH/F_1 | RRM_1 | AT5G66010 | ||||
hnRNP-H/RNPH/F_2 | RRM_1 | AT3G20890 | ||||
hnRNP-G1 | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT5G04280 | RBMX/hnRNP G | NP_002130 | A, B (U1), B*, C | [33,75,76,77,78] |
RZ-1A/hnRNP-G2 | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT3G26420 | ||||
RZ-1B/hnRNP-G3 | RRM_1, zf-CCHC | AT1G60650 | ||||
PTB3 | RRM_1, RRM_5 | AT1G43190 | PTBP1/hnRNP I | NP_787041 | just identified in spliceosome | [79] |
PTB1 | RRM_1, RRM_5 | AT3G01150 | ||||
PTB2 | RRM_1, RRM_5 | AT5G53180 | ||||
LIF2/hnRNP-R1 | RRM_1 | AT4G00830 | HNRNPR | NP_005817 | A, B (U1), B*, C | [33,75,76,77,78] |
GRP7 | RRM_1 | AT2G21660 | CIRBP | NP_001271 | just identified in spliceosome | [79] |
GRP8 | RRM_1 | AT4G39260 |
3.3. Plant RBP Binding Elements in Pre-mRNA
RBPs | Protein Family | RNA Elements | Target Determination Methods | PPI-Spliceosome Components | AS Events | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCL33 | SR protein | GAAG repeat | splicing reporter approach; EMSA | U1-70K | A3SS | [80,85] |
SC35 | SR protein | AGAAGA | matriX motifs (XX motif) method | U1-70K | IR | [85,86] |
SR45 | SR protein | GGNGG | RIP-seq | U1-70K; U2AF35b | IR; A5SS; A3SS | [74,81,85,87] |
GAA/GA repeat (5′SS) CUU/UC repeat (3′SS) | ||||||
SRRM1L | SR-related protein | CU-rich | RIP-seq; RNA-seq; EMSA | U1-70K | IR | [70] |
PTB1/2 | hnRNP-like | pyrimidine motifs (UC-rich) | splicing reporter analysis; EMSA | U2AF65 (Speculation based on conservative mechanisms) | ES | [26,88] |
GRP7 | hnRNP-like | GUUUC (U-rich) | iCLIP | U1-70K | A5SS; A3SS; IR | [72,83,84,89] |
RZ-1C | glycine-rich protein | U-rich; GA-rich | eCLIP/SELEX | SR proteins | co-transcriptional splicing | [82,90] |
GRP20 | glycine-rich protein | purine-rich (GA-rich) | mRNA seq; EMSA | PRP18 (U5 snRNP) | ES (for micro- and small exon) | [91] |
4. RBP-Mediated Alternative Splicing in the Regulation of Plant Abiotic Stresses
4.1. Drought Stress Response
4.2. Salt Stress Response
4.3. Heat Shock Response
4.4. Cold Stress Response
5. Conclusions and Prospections
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Guo, Y.; Shang, X.; Ma, L.; Cao, Y. RNA-Binding Protein-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910548
Guo Y, Shang X, Ma L, Cao Y. RNA-Binding Protein-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910548
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Ying, Xudong Shang, Ligeng Ma, and Ying Cao. 2024. "RNA-Binding Protein-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910548