T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Baseline Characteristics
2.2. Effects of T-Cell Phenotypes on HCC Etiology, Extrahepatic Metastasis and Survival Outcomes
2.3. Frequencies of CD4+ T-Cell Phenotypes before and after Treatment with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab
2.4. CD8+ T Cells with Inhibitory Receptors Are Reinvigorated by Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Sample Collection and Processing
4.3. Flow Cytometry
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Total (n = 29) |
---|---|
Age, years | 63.8 ± 11.0 |
Male sex | 24 (82.8) |
AST, IU/L | 54.0 (36.0–76.5) |
ALT, IU/L | 22.0 (16.5–47.0) |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) |
Platelet, 103/μL | 156 (100–205) |
Albumin, g/dL | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) |
PT INR | 1.03 (0.99–1.10) |
AFP, ng/mL | 243.8 (13.2–6855.6) |
PIVKA-II, mAU/mL | 2047 (136–39,774) |
Causes of HCC | |
Viral | 17 (58.6) |
NBNC | 12 (41.4) |
Portal vein invasion | 12 (41.4) |
Extrahepatic metastasis | 16 (55.2) |
Presence of varix | 8 (27.6) |
Best response | |
PR | 6 (20.7) |
SD | 8 (27.6) |
PD | 15 (51.7) |
Progression within 6 months | 17 (58.6) |
PR+SD (n = 14) | PD (n = 15) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.4 ± 6.4 | 61.4 ± 13.7 | 0.230 |
Male sex | 13 (92.9) | 11 (73.3) | 0.164 |
AST, IU/L | 49.5 (31.5–93.5) | 60.0 (36.0–72.0) | 0.727 |
ALT, IU/L | 28.5 (10.8–53.5) | 19.0 (17.0–32.0) | 0.631 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.982 |
Platelet, 103/μL | 159 (113–245) | 134 (90–182) | 0.275 |
Albumin, g/dL | 4.0 (3.8–4.3) | 4.3 (3.6–4.5) | 0.357 |
PT INR | 1.02 (0.99–1.08) | 1.07 (0.98–1.12) | 0.358 |
AFP, ng/mL | 23.9 (6.2–3483.1) | 1162.7 (59.8–34,229.5) | 0.070 |
AFP ≥ 200 ng/mL | 4 (28.6) | 7 (46.7) | 0.316 |
PIVKA-II, mAU/mL | 1099 (67–75,000) | 2237 (327–11,661) | 0.827 |
Causes of HCC | 0.096 | ||
Viral | 6 (42.9) | 11 (73.3) | |
NBNC | 8 (57.1) | 4 (26.7) | |
Portal vein invasion | 6 (42.9) | 6 (40.0) | 0.876 |
Extrahepatic metastasis | 9 (64.3) | 7 (46.7) | 0.340 |
Presence of varix | 5 (35.7) | 3 (20.0) | 0.344 |
Progression within 6 months | 2 (14.3) | 15 (100) | <0.001 |
Death | 9 (64.3) | 8 (53.3) | 0.550 |
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Lee, H.W.; Park, S.; Park, H.J.; Cho, K.J.; Kim, D.Y.; Hwang, B.; Park, J.Y. T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010958
Lee HW, Park S, Park HJ, Cho KJ, Kim DY, Hwang B, Park JY. T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(20):10958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010958
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hye Won, Suebin Park, Hye Jung Park, Kyung Joo Cho, Do Young Kim, Byungjin Hwang, and Jun Yong Park. 2024. "T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20: 10958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010958
APA StyleLee, H. W., Park, S., Park, H. J., Cho, K. J., Kim, D. Y., Hwang, B., & Park, J. Y. (2024). T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(20), 10958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010958