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Review

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Incorporation into Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) for Dental Appliance Fabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mechanical Properties

by
Kacper Galant
1,
Natalia Turosz
2,3,
Kamila Chęcińska
4,5,6,
Maciej Chęciński
2,3,7,
Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
4,
Sławomir Karwan
8,
Dariusz Chlubek
9,* and
Maciej Sikora
2,3,9
1
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
2
National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland
4
Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
5
Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB Academy, Cieplaka 1C, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
6
Institute of Applied Sciences, WSB Merito University in Poznan, Sportowa 29, 41-506 Chorzow, Poland
7
Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Kraków, Poland
8
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
9
Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312645
Submission received: 5 November 2024 / Revised: 20 November 2024 / Accepted: 21 November 2024 / Published: 25 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
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Versions Notes

Abstract

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), widely used in orthodontics and dentures, exhibits suboptimal mechanical properties, including flexural strength (FS), impact strength (IS), and tensile strength (TS), which are critical for ensuring durability, resistance to fracture, and overall functionality of dental appliances. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising filler due to their antimicrobial properties. This pre-registered (osf.io/yqftx) PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis compared the mechanical properties of PMMA/AgNP composites to pure PMMA, considering mean particle size and concentration. Of 360 records from ACM, BASE, PubMed, and Scopus, 35 studies were included (κ = 0.91), covering 88, 38, and 11 tests on FS, IS, and TS, respectively. FS increased only between 30–70 nm (r = 0.00; ρ = 0.03; R2deg2 = 0.13). IS remained higher for <80 nm and increased between 15 and 25 nm (r = −0.41; ρ = −0.28; R2deg2 = 0.59). TS favored 55 nm but had limited data (r = −0.24; ρ = 0.63; R2deg2 = 0.99). FS decreased with increasing wt%, showing no discernible trend (r = −0.22; ρ = −0.34). IS increased within 0.0–4.0 wt%, particularly 0.5–2.0 wt% (r = −0.15; ρ = −0.35; R2deg2 = 0.54). TS peaked at 0.5–2.0 wt% (r = −0.20; ρ = −0.24; R2deg2 = 0.91). Optimal mechanical properties of PMMA/AgNP likely fall within 15–70 nm mean nanoparticle size and 0.5–4.0 wt% concentration.
Keywords: polymethyl methacrylate; silver; nanoparticles; dentures; mechanical tests polymethyl methacrylate; silver; nanoparticles; dentures; mechanical tests

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with a minor correction to the Document Type. This change does not affect the scientific content of the article.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Galant, K.; Turosz, N.; Chęcińska, K.; Chęciński, M.; Cholewa-Kowalska, K.; Karwan, S.; Chlubek, D.; Sikora, M. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Incorporation into Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) for Dental Appliance Fabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mechanical Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 12645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312645

AMA Style

Galant K, Turosz N, Chęcińska K, Chęciński M, Cholewa-Kowalska K, Karwan S, Chlubek D, Sikora M. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Incorporation into Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) for Dental Appliance Fabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mechanical Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(23):12645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312645

Chicago/Turabian Style

Galant, Kacper, Natalia Turosz, Kamila Chęcińska, Maciej Chęciński, Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska, Sławomir Karwan, Dariusz Chlubek, and Maciej Sikora. 2024. "Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Incorporation into Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) for Dental Appliance Fabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mechanical Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23: 12645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312645

APA Style

Galant, K., Turosz, N., Chęcińska, K., Chęciński, M., Cholewa-Kowalska, K., Karwan, S., Chlubek, D., & Sikora, M. (2024). Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Incorporation into Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) for Dental Appliance Fabrication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mechanical Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(23), 12645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312645

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