Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical Information
2.2. Hepcidin Expression Is Significantly Increased with the Progression of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
2.3. Plaques of Male Patients Have Significantly Higher Levels of Hepcidin
2.4. Hepcidin Expression Significantly Correlated with the Accumulation of CD68 Positive Macrophages, Transferrin Receptor (TfR1), and Apoptosis
2.5. Hepcidin Is Significantly Increased in Macrophages Exposed to Iron or 7-Oxysterols (7-Beta-OH or 7-Keto)
2.6. Neutralization of Hepcidin Significantly Decreased Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, and LMP in THP-1 Cells Exposed to 7beta-OH
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Collection of Carotid Artery Samples
4.2. Immunohistochemistry
4.3. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl-Mediated dUTP Nick end Labeling (TUNEL)
4.4. Classification of the Plaques
4.5. Cell Cultures, Experimental Conditions, and Immunocytochemistry
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Yuan, X.-M.; Sultana, N.; Ghosh-Laskar, M.; Li, W. Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031706
Yuan X-M, Sultana N, Ghosh-Laskar M, Li W. Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(3):1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031706
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Xi-Ming, Nargis Sultana, Moumita Ghosh-Laskar, and Wei Li. 2024. "Elevated Hepcidin Expression in Human Carotid Atheroma: Sex-Specific Differences and Associations with Plaque Vulnerability" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3: 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031706