Cyclodextrin Polymer-Loaded Micro-Ceramic Balls for Solid-Phase Extraction of Triazole Pesticides from Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preparation and Characterization of Adsorbents
2.2. Degradation of β-CD Polymer
2.3. Adsorption Isotherm Models
2.4. Thermodynamic Studies
2.5. Comparison of the Solid Phase Extraction Method of P-MCB with Other Methods
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Measurements
3.3. Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer
3.3.1. Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin-Citric Acid Conjugate
3.3.2. Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer Loaded Micro-Ceramic Balls (P-MCB)
3.4. Degradation of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer
3.5. Separation of Pesticides
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbents | T (°C) | pH Value of Initial Solution | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.2 | 7.0 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 10.5 | ||
β-CD polymer | 25 | 10.4 ± 0.14% | 0.9 ± 0.12% | 3.3 ± 0.20% | 12.1 ± 0.11% | 12.8 ± 0.23% |
35 | 23.2 ± 0.11% | 6.8 ± 0.21% | 11.6 ± 0.15% | 22.0 ± 0.14% | 22.9 ± 0.20% | |
P-MCB | 25 | 3.2 ± 0.13% | 0.2 ± 0.08% | 0.6 ± 0.21% | 2.9 ± 0.12% | 3.1 ± 0.17% |
35 | 7.7 ± 0.18% | 1.7 ± 0.11% | 3.9 ± 0.19% | 6.2 ± 0.31% | 7.2 ± 0.25% |
Compounds | Initial Ci (mg/L) | Parameters and R2 Values at Different Concentrations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe a, mg/g | k2, g/(mg.min) | R2 | qe b, mg/g | ||
Flutriafol | 5 | 0.382 | 0.171 | 0.994 | 0.359 |
20 | 1.897 | 0.031 | 0.993 | 1.760 | |
50 | 4.009 | 0.044 | 0.999 | 3.903 | |
100 | 8.048 | 0.034 | 0.999 | 7.888 | |
150 | 11.669 | 0.025 | 0.999 | 11.459 | |
200 | 16.204 | 0.012 | 0.999 | 15.962 | |
Diniconazole | 1 | 0.098 | −24.475 | 0.999 | 0.098 |
5 | 0.937 | 41.678 | 0.999 | 0.937 | |
20 | 1.762 | 0.562 | 0.999 | 1.757 | |
50 | 4.556 | 0.071 | 0.999 | 4.469 |
Compounds | Initial Ci (mg/L) | Parameters and R2 Values at Different Concentrations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1/qe, mg/g | R2 | 1/Ce, L/mg | ||
Flutriafol | 5 | 0.0089 | 0.988 | 0.2425 |
20 | 0.0441 | 0.927 | 0.0747 | |
50 | 0.1416 | 0.864 | 0.0348 | |
100 | 0.3107 | 0.685 | 0.0187 | |
150 | 0.4653 | 0.702 | 0.0125 | |
200 | 0.7143 | 0.924 | 0.0108 | |
Diniconazole | 1 | 0.0033 | 0.556 | 25 |
5 | 0.0312 | 0.824 | 1.5625 | |
20 | 0.0546 | 0.828 | 0.2169 | |
50 | 0.1167 | 0.763 | 0.0715 |
Freundlich Isotherm | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compounds | Parameters | Adsorption at Different Temperature | |||||
15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 35 °C | 40 °C | ||
Flutriafol | n | 1.616 | 1.713 | 1.622 | 1.683 | 1.623 | 1.767 |
KF | 0.775 | 0.549 | 0.835 | 0.674 | 0.668 | 0.625 | |
R2 | 0.9898 | 0.9975 | 0.9926 | 0.9943 | 0.9971 | 0.9965 |
Compounds | Parameters | Different Temperatures | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 35 °C | 40 °C | ||
Flutriafol | ΔG° (kJ mol−1) | −1.081 | −0.060 | −1.452 | −0.611 | −0.525 | −0.051 |
ΔH° (kJ mol−1) | −0.489 | ||||||
ΔS° (/J mol−1 K−1) | 0.460 |
Methods | Instrumental Technique | Sample | LOD (μg/L) | RSD (%) | Adsorption Capacity (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SFE of P-MCB | HPLC | Water | 0.0004–0.0005 | 0.08–0.31 | 80.1–100 | This work |
MSPE | HPLC-MS/MS | Water | 0.05–0.1 | 1.5–9.1 | 72.3–91.53 | [2] |
MPC-CNC-MSPE | UHPLC-MS/MS | Water | 0.003–0.007 | 2.0–15.7 | 73.7–117.1 | [12] |
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Yang, X.; Yu, L.; Chen, S.; Liu, M.; Miao, Q.; Wu, H.; Gao, W. Cyclodextrin Polymer-Loaded Micro-Ceramic Balls for Solid-Phase Extraction of Triazole Pesticides from Water. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041959
Yang X, Yu L, Chen S, Liu M, Miao Q, Wu H, Gao W. Cyclodextrin Polymer-Loaded Micro-Ceramic Balls for Solid-Phase Extraction of Triazole Pesticides from Water. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(4):1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041959
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaobo, Lingli Yu, Shuqi Chen, Miaochang Liu, Qian Miao, Huayue Wu, and Wenxia Gao. 2024. "Cyclodextrin Polymer-Loaded Micro-Ceramic Balls for Solid-Phase Extraction of Triazole Pesticides from Water" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4: 1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041959