Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 Receptors Are Upregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expression of CB1R-GPR55 Heteromers in Controls and MS Patients
2.2. Expression of CB2R-GPR55 Heteromers in Controls and MS Patients
2.3. Expression of CB1R-GPR55 and CB2R-GPR55 Heteromers in Neurons and Different Types of Glial Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA)
4.3. Co-Staining Combining PLA and Immunohistochemistry
4.4. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Sex | Age | Type of MS | Brain Area | Post-Mortem Time | Brain Bank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Male | 58 | MS | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | Central Nervous Tissue Bank Madrid (CIEN Foundation) |
2 | Male | 38 | SPMS | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | University Central Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) |
3 | Female | 47 | PPMS | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | Center for Biomedical Research of Navarra (NAVARRABIOMED) |
4 | Female | 48 | MS | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | Southern Galicia Health Research Institute (IISGS) |
5 | Male | 38 | Control | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | University Central Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) |
6 | Male | 66 | Control | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | Center for Biomedical Research of Navarra (NAVARRABIOMED) |
7 | Male | 62 | Control | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | Center for Biomedical Research of Navarra (NAVARRABIOMED) |
8 | Female | 52 | Control | Prefrontal cortex | 6–12 h | University Central Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) |
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Menéndez-Pérez, C.; Rivas-Santisteban, R.; del Valle, E.; Tolivia, J.; Navarro, A.; Franco, R.; Martínez-Pinilla, E. Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 Receptors Are Upregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084176
Menéndez-Pérez C, Rivas-Santisteban R, del Valle E, Tolivia J, Navarro A, Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E. Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 Receptors Are Upregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084176
Chicago/Turabian StyleMenéndez-Pérez, Carlota, Rafael Rivas-Santisteban, Eva del Valle, Jorge Tolivia, Ana Navarro, Rafael Franco, and Eva Martínez-Pinilla. 2024. "Heteromers Formed by GPR55 and Either Cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 Receptors Are Upregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of Multiple Sclerosis Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084176