Preventive Effect of the Total Polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Gut Microbiota and NLRP3, TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Compound Analysis of NCTP
2.2. Protective Effect of NCTP on Lung Tissue in ALI Mice
2.3. Effect of NCTP on BALF BCA and LDH Activities in ALI Mice
2.4. Effect of NCTP on Inflammatory Cells and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in ALI Mice
2.5. Effect of NCTP on NF-κB and NLRP3 Signaling Pathway Activation
2.6. Protective Effect of NCTP on the Intestinal Mucosa
2.7. NCTP Reversed the Dysbiosis of Microbiota Composition and the Reduction in SCFA Secretion in ALI Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Plant Materials and Preparation of NCTP
4.3. Compound Analysis of NCTP
4.4. Experimental Animals
4.5. Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) Model
4.6. Pathologic Analysis and Immunohistochemical Analysis
4.7. BALF Collection, Processing, and Determination of Protein and LDH Concentration
4.8. Measurement of Wet-to-Dry Ratio of the Lungs
4.9. Cell Count and Biochemical Assays
4.10. Determination of Lung Homogenate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6
4.11. Analysis of Gut Microbiota
4.12. Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Quantification Analysis
4.13. Western Blot
4.14. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak No | Rt (min) | [M-H]− | Error | MS/MS m/z (% of Base Peak) | Formula | Compound Identity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 a | 6.75 | 169.01385 | 4.17 | 125 (100) | C7H6O5 | Gallic acid |
2 | 10.29 | 483.07758 | 1.33 | 331 (20), 169 (100), 125 (80) | C20H20O14 | Digalloyl-glucoside |
3 | 21.87 | 635.08838 | 0.77 | 483 (40), 313 (20), 169 (100), 125 (80) | C27H24O18 | Trigalloyl-glucoside |
4 a | 30.19 | 633.07281 | 0.91 | 463 (20), 301 (100), 275 (20), 185 (10) | C27H22O18 | Isostrictiniin |
5 a | 32.15 | 197.04503 | 0.77 | 169 (100), 125 (50) | C9H10O5 | Gallic acid ethyl ester |
6 | 35.44 | 785.08282 | −0.48 | 633 (10), 301 (100), 275 (50), 257 (10), 169 (40), 125 (30) | C34H26O22 | Digalloyl-ellagitannoyl-glucoside |
7 | 42.54 | 787.09906 | 0.26 | 635 (20), 617 (70), 465 (40), 313 (30), 169 (100), 125 (60) | C34H28O22 | Tetragalloyl-glucoside |
8 | 47.28 | 433.04095 | 1.85 | 301 (100), 271 (5), 243 (5) | C19H13O12 | Quercetin-O-arabinoside |
9 a | 49.69 | 300.99802 | 0.41 | 283 (20), 229 (10), 185 (20) | C14H6O8 | Ellagic acid |
10 a | 59.92 | 939.10931 | −0.53 | 787 (20), 769 (100), 465 (10), 313 (10), 169 (90), 125 (80) | C41H32O26 | Pentagalloyl-glucoside |
11 a | 61.66 | 593.15015 | 0.08 | 285 (80), 255 (60), 227 (40), 151 (10) | C27H30O15 | Nicotiflorin |
12 a | 64.07 | 447.09293 | 1.65 | 285 (60), 255 (70), 227 (50), 151 (10) | C21H20O11 | Kaempferol O-glucoside |
13 | 74.66 | 447.09305 | 1.92 | 300 (100), 271 (70), 227 (50), 169 (100), 125 (20) | C21H20O11 | Ellagitannoyl-rhamnoside |
14 a | 75.47 | 285.03970 | 1.18 | 257 (10), 229 (10), 151 (10) | C15H10O6 | Kaempferol |
Group | Pre-Modeling Weight (g) | Post-Modeling Weight (g) | W/D Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 24.72 ± 0.58 | 22. 54 ± 0.51 | 3.96 ± 0.46 |
Model | 23.38 ± 1.32 | 20.48 ± 1.29 | 5.62 ± 0.42 ## |
NCTP, 50 mg/kg | 23.08 ± 0.82 | 21.28 ± 0.66 | 4.37 ± 0.77 |
NCTP, 100 mg/kg | 22.90 ± 0.69 | 20.76 ± 0.48 | 4.26 ± 0.66 * |
NCTP, 200 mg/kg | 23.01 ± 1.25 | 21.14 ± 1.10 | 4.38 ± 0.33 ** |
DEX, 3 mg/kg | 23.04 ± 1.56 | 21.22 ± 1.10 | 4.12 ± 0.30 ** |
Group | n | The Degree of Lung Injury | Rank Mean | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
Control | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.50 |
Model | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 33.50 ## |
NCTP, 50 mg/kg | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 24.50 |
NCTP, 100 mg/kg | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 17.00 * |
NCTP, 200 mg/kg | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14.50 ** |
DEX, 3 mg/kg | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12.00 ** |
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Li, C.; Qi, X.; Xu, L.; Sun, Y.; Chen, Y.; Yao, Y.; Zhao, J. Preventive Effect of the Total Polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Gut Microbiota and NLRP3, TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084276
Li C, Qi X, Xu L, Sun Y, Chen Y, Yao Y, Zhao J. Preventive Effect of the Total Polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Gut Microbiota and NLRP3, TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084276
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chenyang, Xinxin Qi, Lei Xu, Yuan Sun, Yan Chen, Yuhan Yao, and Jun Zhao. 2024. "Preventive Effect of the Total Polyphenols from Nymphaea candida on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via Gut Microbiota and NLRP3, TLR-4/NF-κB Pathway" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084276