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Review

Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue

1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
2
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123
Submission received: 6 November 2024 / Revised: 21 December 2024 / Accepted: 24 December 2024 / Published: 26 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Hypertension and Related Complications)

Abstract

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease defined by an elevated systemic blood pressure. This devastating disease afflicts 30–40% of the adult population worldwide. The disease burden for hypertension is great, and it greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there are a myriad of factors that result in an elevated blood pressure. These include genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, salt intake, aging, and stress. Although lifestyle modifications have had limited success, anti-hypertensive drugs have been moderately effective in lowering blood pressure. New approaches to control and treat hypertension include digital health tools and compounds that activate the angiotensin receptor type 2 (AT2), which can promote cardiovascular health. Nonetheless, research on hypertension and its management is vital for lessening the significant health and economic burden of this condition.
Keywords: blood pressure; anti-hypertensive; cardiovascular; lifestyle blood pressure; anti-hypertensive; cardiovascular; lifestyle

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MDPI and ACS Style

Goorani, S.; Zangene, S.; Imig, J.D. Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

AMA Style

Goorani S, Zangene S, Imig JD. Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(1):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Goorani, Samaneh, Somaye Zangene, and John D. Imig. 2025. "Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 1: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

APA Style

Goorani, S., Zangene, S., & Imig, J. D. (2025). Hypertension: A Continuing Public Healthcare Issue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010123

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