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Review

Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management

by
Giuseppina Gallucci
1,
Mario Larocca
2,
Alessandro Navazio
3,
Fabio Maria Turazza
4,
Alessandro Inno
5,
Maria Laura Canale
6,
Stefano Oliva
7,
Giulia Besutti
8,9,
Andrea Tedeschi
10,
Daniela Aschieri
10,
Antonio Russo
11,
Stefania Gori
5,
Nicola Silvestris
12,
Carmine Pinto
2 and
Luigi Tarantini
3,*
1
Independent Researcher, 85025 Melfi, Italy
2
Provincial Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, AUSL—IRCCS in Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
3
Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Department of Specialized Medicine, AUSL—IRCCS in Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
4
Independent Researcher, 50100 Firenze, Italy
5
Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
6
Division of Cardiology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Versilia Hospital, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy
7
UOSD Cardiologia di Interesse Oncologico IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
8
Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, AUSL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
9
Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
10
Cardiology Unit of Emergency Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
11
Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
12
Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010334
Submission received: 16 November 2024 / Revised: 25 December 2024 / Accepted: 29 December 2024 / Published: 2 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspective: 6th Edition)
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Abstract

The first part of this review highlighted the evolving landscape of atherosclerosis, noting emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, the growing impact of exposomes, and social determinants of health. The prominent role of atherosclerosis in the bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer was also discussed. In this second part, we examine the complex interplay between multimorbid cardio-oncologic patients, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the harmful environments that lend a “syndemic” nature to these chronic diseases. We summarize management strategies targeting disordered cardiometabolic factors to mitigate cardiovascular disease and explore molecular mechanisms enabling more tailored therapies. Importantly, we emphasize the early interception of atherosclerosis through multifactorial interventions that detect subclinical signs (via biomarkers and imaging) to treat modifiable risk factors and prevent clinical events. A concerted preventive effort—referred to by some as a “preventome”—is essential to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis-driven chronic diseases, shifting from mere chronic disease management to the proactive promotion of “chronic health”.
Keywords: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; cancer; exposome; syndemic; preventome atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; cancer; exposome; syndemic; preventome

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gallucci, G.; Larocca, M.; Navazio, A.; Turazza, F.M.; Inno, A.; Canale, M.L.; Oliva, S.; Besutti, G.; Tedeschi, A.; Aschieri, D.; et al. Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010334

AMA Style

Gallucci G, Larocca M, Navazio A, Turazza FM, Inno A, Canale ML, Oliva S, Besutti G, Tedeschi A, Aschieri D, et al. Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(1):334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010334

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gallucci, Giuseppina, Mario Larocca, Alessandro Navazio, Fabio Maria Turazza, Alessandro Inno, Maria Laura Canale, Stefano Oliva, Giulia Besutti, Andrea Tedeschi, Daniela Aschieri, and et al. 2025. "Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 1: 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010334

APA Style

Gallucci, G., Larocca, M., Navazio, A., Turazza, F. M., Inno, A., Canale, M. L., Oliva, S., Besutti, G., Tedeschi, A., Aschieri, D., Russo, A., Gori, S., Silvestris, N., Pinto, C., & Tarantini, L. (2025). Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(1), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010334

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