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Volume 26
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Review

Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health

by
Sandra Valencia
1,2,*,
Martha Zuluaga
3,*,
María Cristina Florian Pérez
2,
Kevin Fernando Montoya-Quintero
2,
Mariana S. Candamil-Cortés
1 and
Sebastian Robledo
3
1
Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional de Colombia—BIOS, Grupo de Investigación—BIOS, Parque los Yarumos, Manizales 170002, Colombia
2
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 # 26-10, Manizales 170004, Colombia
3
Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede De La Paz, Km 9 Valledupar—La Paz, Cesar 202010, Colombia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 22 February 2025 / Revised: 21 March 2025 / Accepted: 22 March 2025 / Published: 26 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research of Gut Microbiota and Toxins)
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Abstract

The gut microbiome plays a vital role in human health, functioning as a metabolic organ that influences nutrient absorption and overall well-being. With growing evidence that dietary interventions can modulate the microbiome and improve health, this review examines whether healthcare systems should prioritize personalized microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiota transplants, over traditional pharmaceutical treatments for chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and inflammatory conditions. A systematic review using Web of Science and Scopus databases was conducted, followed by a scientometric analysis. Key metabolic pathways, such as dietary fiber fermentation and short-chain fatty acid production, were explored, focusing on their impact on lipid and glucose metabolism. The interactions between microbial metabolites and the immune system were also investigated. Dietary interventions, including increased fiber and probiotic intake, show potential for addressing dysbiosis linked to conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune diseases. The review emphasizes the need to incorporate microbiome modulation strategies into clinical practice and research, calling for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates nutrition, microbiology, and biochemistry to better understand the gut microbiome’s complex role in health.
Keywords: gut microbiome; nutrient assimilation; microbiome modulation; microbiome biochemistry gut microbiome; nutrient assimilation; microbiome modulation; microbiome biochemistry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Valencia, S.; Zuluaga, M.; Florian Pérez, M.C.; Montoya-Quintero, K.F.; Candamil-Cortés, M.S.; Robledo, S. Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112

AMA Style

Valencia S, Zuluaga M, Florian Pérez MC, Montoya-Quintero KF, Candamil-Cortés MS, Robledo S. Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(9):4112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valencia, Sandra, Martha Zuluaga, María Cristina Florian Pérez, Kevin Fernando Montoya-Quintero, Mariana S. Candamil-Cortés, and Sebastian Robledo. 2025. "Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9: 4112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112

APA Style

Valencia, S., Zuluaga, M., Florian Pérez, M. C., Montoya-Quintero, K. F., Candamil-Cortés, M. S., & Robledo, S. (2025). Human Gut Microbiome: A Connecting Organ Between Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094112

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