Variability and Community Composition of Marine Unicellular Eukaryote Assemblages in a Eutrophic Mediterranean Urban Coastal Area with Marked Plankton Blooms and Red Tides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Sites and Sample Collection
2.2. Chl a and Nutrient Measurements
2.3. DNA Extraction and Sequencing
2.4. Read Processing
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Variables and Bloom Periods
3.2. Temporal Dynamics of the Unicellular Eukaryotic Community
3.3. Temporal vs. Spatial Structure of the Unicellular Eukaryotic Community
3.4. Environmental Effects on Unicellular Eukaryotic Communities
3.5. Notable OTUs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Sites | Latitude | Longitude | Number of Samples |
---|---|---|---|
White Tower (WT) | 40°37′34N | 22°56′51E | 47 |
Aretsou Beach (AR) | 40°34′29N | 22°56′38E | 12 |
Music Hall coast (MH) | 40°35′57N | 22°56′53E | 12 |
Harbour (HB) | 40°37′55N | 22°56′09E | 12 |
Bloom Periods | Key Forming Taxa |
---|---|
March–June 2017 | Leptocylindrus danicus, Leptocylindrus minimus, Coccolithales |
22 March–29 March 2017 | Noctiluca scintillans red tide |
12 April 2017 | Noctiluca scintillans red tide |
14–21 June 2017 | Noctiluca scintillans red tide |
28 June–4 July 2017 | Mucilage aggregates phenomenon |
July–September 2017 | Chaetoceros spp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Skeletonema costatum |
November 2017 | Dinophysis cf. acuminata |
December 2017–17 January 2018 | Mesodinium rubrum |
January–February 2018 | Chaetoceros tenuissimus, Skeletonema costatum |
OTUs | Putative High-Level Taxonomic Affiliation | Closest Cultured Relative (% Similarity) [Accession Number] | Isolation Source | Sampling Site (Overall Relative Abundance >1% of the Total Site Reads) |
---|---|---|---|---|
OTU_1 * | Dinoflagellata | Scrippsiella trochoidea (100%) [KR535602] | Laboratory clone | WT, AR, MH, HB |
OTU_2 * | Dinoflagellata | Noctiluca scintillans (100%) [KY980371] | Laboratory clone | WT, AR, MH, HB |
OTU_4 * | Bacillariophyta | Chaetoceros tenuissimus (99.5%) [MG972315] | Italy: Gulf of Naples | WT, AR, MH, HB |
OTU_5 * | Dinoflagellata | Gonyaulax fragilis (100%) [MF494206] | New Zealand seawater | WT, AR, MH, HB |
OTU_6 * | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured MALV (99.2%) [FJ431703] | English Channel | WT, AR, MH, HB |
OTU_8 * | Bacillariophyta | Chaetoceros cf. wighamii (99.5%) [KY980229] | Laboratory clone | WT, AR, MH |
OTU_9 * | Bacillariophyta | Thalassiosira sp. (99.6%) [AJ535171] | Laboratory clone | WT, MH, HB |
OTU_13 | Cryptophyta | Teleaulax sp. (99.7%) [MF179478] | Laboratory clone | WT, AR, MH |
OTU_15 | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured MALV (99.5%) [EU793918] | Mediterranean Sea | WT, MH |
OTU_18 * | Bacillariophyta | Skeletonema pseudocostatum (99.5%) [KY054992] | Naozhou Island marine water | WT, AR, MH |
OTU_19 | Dinoflagellata | Adenoides eludens (99.6%) [KY980212] | Laboratory clone | WT, HB |
OTU_20 * | Haptophyta | Haptolina sp. (99.3%) [JF812342] | North Pacific | WT, HB |
OTU_21 * | Chlorophyta | Uncultured chlorophyte (99.1%) [HQ867357] | Saanich Inlet marine water | WT, MH |
OTU_27 | Chlorophyta | Micromonas pusilla (100%) [KF501033] | Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Naples | AR, MH |
OTU_28 | Dinoflagellata | Gymnodinium aureolum (97.3%) [KR362891] | Mediterranean Sea, off Italy | AR, MH |
OTU_29 | Dinoflagellata | Pelagodinium sp. (100%) [JX661027] | Endosymbiotic micoralgae microdissected from Acantharia | AR |
OTU_30 | Ciliophora | Strobilidium sp. (100%) [AF399126] | Laboratory clone | AR |
OTU_31 | Dinoflagellata | Islandinium tricingulatum (98.9%) [AB716918] | Cyst cell isolated from seawater | HB |
OTU_38 * | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured dinoflagellate | Not Available | AR |
OTU_42 | Dinoflagellata | Alexandrium margaelefii (99.3%) [U27498] | Laboratory clone | AR |
OTU_47 * | Ciliophora | Tintinnopsis sp. (99.8%) [JX178899] | Laboratory clone | MH |
OTU_49 | Acantharia | Acanthometron sp. (100%) [JQ697713] | Antarctic sea | HB |
OTU_52 | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured dinoflagellate | Not Available | AR |
OTU_55 * | Dinoflagellata | Peridinium quinquecorne (99.3%) [AB246744] | Laboratory clone | MH |
OTU_63 * | Ciliophora | Strombidium biarmatum (99.8%) [JX512970] | Long Island Sound | HB |
OTU_67 * | Bacillariophyta | Minutocellus polymorphus (99.8%) [KY980301] | Laboratory clone | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_75 * | Ciliophora | Parundella sp. (100%) [AB640645] | Japan, Sendai Bay | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_76 * | Ciliophora | Uncultured ciliate | Not Available | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_77 * | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured dinoflagellate | Not Available | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_78 * | Ciliophora | Amphorellopsis sp. (99.8%) [KU715757] | China, Yantai University bathing beach | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_80 * | Cercozoa | Uncultured cercozoan (94.6%) [KM067448] | Surface layer sediment from the East China Sea | < 1% relative abundance in each of the four sites |
OTU_85 | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured dinoflagellate | Not Available | HB |
OTU_87 * | Chlorophyta | Uncultured chlorophyte | Not Available | MH |
OTU_121 | Stramenopiles | Uncultured Marine Stramenopile (MAST-8A) | Not Available | HB |
OTU_135 | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured Marine Alveolate (MALV-II) | Not Available | MH |
OTU_138 | Dinoflagellata | Uncultured dinoflagellate | Not Available | MH |
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Genitsaris, S.; Stefanidou, N.; Moustaka-Gouni, M.; Sommer, U.; Tsipas, G. Variability and Community Composition of Marine Unicellular Eukaryote Assemblages in a Eutrophic Mediterranean Urban Coastal Area with Marked Plankton Blooms and Red Tides. Diversity 2020, 12, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030114
Genitsaris S, Stefanidou N, Moustaka-Gouni M, Sommer U, Tsipas G. Variability and Community Composition of Marine Unicellular Eukaryote Assemblages in a Eutrophic Mediterranean Urban Coastal Area with Marked Plankton Blooms and Red Tides. Diversity. 2020; 12(3):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030114
Chicago/Turabian StyleGenitsaris, Savvas, Natassa Stefanidou, Maria Moustaka-Gouni, Ulrich Sommer, and George Tsipas. 2020. "Variability and Community Composition of Marine Unicellular Eukaryote Assemblages in a Eutrophic Mediterranean Urban Coastal Area with Marked Plankton Blooms and Red Tides" Diversity 12, no. 3: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030114