Diversity of Amoeba-Associated Giant Viruses Isolated in Algeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples Collection
2.2. Preparation of Amoeba Support
2.3. Isolation of Giant Viruses Using Co-Cultures
2.4. Preliminary Characterization
2.5. Electron Microscopy Observations
2.6. Molecular Analysis and Sequencing
2.7. Genomic Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Amoeba Lysis and Identification of Viruses
3.2. Isolation of a New Virus Belonging to the Klosneuvirinae Family
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Sample | Site | Amoebas | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. polyphaga | A. castellanii Douglas | A castellanii Neff | V. vermiformis | A. mauritaniensis | A. quina | |||
1 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | marseillevirus | ||||
2 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | marseillevirus | marseillevirus | marseillevirus | ||
3 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | |||||
4 | sewage | Mostaganem | ||||||
5 | well water | Mostaganem | mimivirus | marseillevirus | ||||
6 | well water | Mostaganem | mimivirus | marseillevirus | ||||
7 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | |||||
8 | sewage | Mostaganem | mimivirus | marseillevirus | ||||
9 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | |||||
10 | water dam | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | faustovirus | ||||
11 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | mimivirus | ||||
12 | sewage | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | |||||
13 | sewage | Mostaganem | mimivirus | mimivirus | ||||
14 | sewage | Mostaganem | mimivirus | |||||
15 | well water | Mostaganem | ||||||
16 | well water | Mostaganem | marseillevirus | |||||
17 | spring water | Mostaganem | ||||||
18 | spring water | Mostaganem | ||||||
19 | soil | Mostaganem | mimivirus | |||||
20 | soil | Mostaganem | ||||||
21 | swamp | Chlef | cedratvirus | |||||
22 | swamp | Chlef | cedratvirus | |||||
23 | swamp | Chlef | ||||||
24 | spring water | Chlef | marseillevirus | |||||
25 | spring water | Chlef | marseillevirus | |||||
26 | sewage | Chlef | mimivirus | |||||
27 | soil | Chlef | cedratvirus | |||||
28 | lake | Chlef | ||||||
29 | lake | Chlef | mimivirus | |||||
30 | water well | Chlef | ||||||
31 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
32 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
33 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
34 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
35 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
36 | wastewater | Chlef | marseillevirus | |||||
37 | soil | Chlef | marseillevirus | |||||
38 | soil | Chlef | cedratvirus | |||||
39 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
40 | wastewater | Chlef | ||||||
41 | wastewater | Sidi bel Abbes | marseillevirus | |||||
42 | wastewater | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
43 | wastewater | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
44 | wastewater | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
45 | wastewater | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
46 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
47 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
48 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
49 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
50 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
51 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | marseillevirus | |||||
52 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
53 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
54 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | fadolivirus | |||||
55 | sewage | Sidi bel Abbes | ||||||
56 | sewage | Telmcen | faustovirus | |||||
57 | Water dam | Telmcen | marseillevirus | faustovirus | ||||
58 | sewage | Telmcen | marseillevirus | faustovirus | ||||
59 | water well | Telmcen | ||||||
60 | sewage | Telmcen | ||||||
61 | sewage | Telmcen | marseillevirus | |||||
62 | sewage | Chlef | ||||||
63 | sewage | Chlef | faustovirus | |||||
64 | sewage | Chlef |
Name of Virus | Name of Probes | Target Genes | Primer Sequences (5’ to 3’) | Estimate Size of the Amplicons |
---|---|---|---|---|
Faustovirus | Fstv-photol-F1 | Photolyase | GTCGCGGACGAGATGAGATT | 712 bp |
Fstv-photoL-R1 | TCACGCATACCGGCATCTAC | |||
Marseillevirus | MV-F | D5 helicase | TCTGGGAGTGGGCTTTATCT | 180 bp |
MV-R | AGGGTAATGACCTCGGGTA | |||
probe FAM | AGGATTGAACCTTCGCTGTTAC | |||
Mimivirus | mimi_polB_DNApol_R322 | DNA polymerase b | AAACAGGTGCACCAACATCA | 230 bp |
mimi_polB_DNApol_F322 | GGTTTCCATTTTGACCCAAG | |||
Cedratvirus | CedV_Rpb10_F1 | RNA polymerase 10 Rpb10 | GGAAAGAATAGGTGCAGTGCG | 240 bp |
CedV_Rpb10_R1 | AAGAGATGGAAGTGGGGTTGC | |||
CedV_DNApolb_F1 | DNA polymerase b | CACAGTCTCACCTCTTGCGT | 700 bp | |
CedV_DNApolb_R1 | GCACAGCTCTTCTTCCGAGT |
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Boudjemaa, H.; Andreani, J.; Bitam, I.; La Scola, B. Diversity of Amoeba-Associated Giant Viruses Isolated in Algeria. Diversity 2020, 12, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060215
Boudjemaa H, Andreani J, Bitam I, La Scola B. Diversity of Amoeba-Associated Giant Viruses Isolated in Algeria. Diversity. 2020; 12(6):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060215
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoudjemaa, Hadjer, Julien Andreani, Idir Bitam, and Bernard La Scola. 2020. "Diversity of Amoeba-Associated Giant Viruses Isolated in Algeria" Diversity 12, no. 6: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060215