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Volume 14
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10.3390/d14090698
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Article

Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints

by
Eloisa Borges dos Reis
1,
Fernanda S. Farnese
1,
Marilene S. Oliveira
1,
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues
2,
Aline S. P. Dornelas
3,
Renato A. Sarmento
4,
João C. P. de Souza
1,
Erika C. Resende
5 and
Althiéris S. Saraiva
6,*
1
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Rio Verde-GO, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil
2
CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3
Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica na Amazônia, Estagio Pós-Doutoral—Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
4
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
5
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Iporá-GO, Iporá 76200-000, GO, Brazil
6
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Campos Belos (Conservation of Agroecosystems and Ecotoxicology—CAE Group), Campos Belos 73840-000, GO, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2022, 14(9), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090698
Submission received: 11 July 2022 / Revised: 16 August 2022 / Accepted: 19 August 2022 / Published: 23 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecological Effects of Agricultural Practices on Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments)
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Abstract

Fipronil is a pyrazole insecticide used to control undesirable insect populations. Due to its large-scale application, there is the potential for surface waters’ contamination, with toxic action for non-target organisms, and consequent impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Planarians are potential non-target aquatic invertebrates to these insecticides. They are widespread in tropical freshwaters and have been proposed as good candidates to assess the toxic effects of freshwater systems contaminated by insecticides. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the sublethal concentrations of a fipronil-based insecticide that may affect the planarian physiology. After chronic exposure to Regent 800 WG®, a significant decrease in locomotor velocity (LOEC—6.25 mg·L−1), regeneration of the auricles and photoreceptors (LOEC—3.13 mg·L−1), and reproduction (fecundity—LOEC 12.5 mg·L−1) were observed. The results of our study demonstrate that long-term exposure to a pyrazole insecticide can compromise non-target aquatic invertebrates while reinforcing the need for a better investigation of complementary parameters (such as behavior, regeneration, and reproduction) for a more accurate risk assessment of commercial pesticide toxicity in freshwater systems.
Keywords: reproduction; regeneration; freshwater ecosystems; turbellaria; chronic exposures reproduction; regeneration; freshwater ecosystems; turbellaria; chronic exposures

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MDPI and ACS Style

dos Reis, E.B.; Farnese, F.S.; Oliveira, M.S.; Rodrigues, A.C.M.; Dornelas, A.S.P.; Sarmento, R.A.; de Souza, J.C.P.; Resende, E.C.; Saraiva, A.S. Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints. Diversity 2022, 14, 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090698

AMA Style

dos Reis EB, Farnese FS, Oliveira MS, Rodrigues ACM, Dornelas ASP, Sarmento RA, de Souza JCP, Resende EC, Saraiva AS. Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints. Diversity. 2022; 14(9):698. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090698

Chicago/Turabian Style

dos Reis, Eloisa Borges, Fernanda S. Farnese, Marilene S. Oliveira, Andreia C. M. Rodrigues, Aline S. P. Dornelas, Renato A. Sarmento, João C. P. de Souza, Erika C. Resende, and Althiéris S. Saraiva. 2022. "Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints" Diversity 14, no. 9: 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090698

APA Style

dos Reis, E. B., Farnese, F. S., Oliveira, M. S., Rodrigues, A. C. M., Dornelas, A. S. P., Sarmento, R. A., de Souza, J. C. P., Resende, E. C., & Saraiva, A. S. (2022). Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints. Diversity, 14(9), 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090698

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