Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Seed Collection and Storage
2.3. Heavy Metal Treatments
2.4. Germination Assay
2.5. Germination Response Variables
2.6. Metal Tolerance
2.7. Fresh Weight and Dry Weight of Early Seedlings
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Germination Percentage
3.2. Mean Time to Germinate
3.3. Radicle Length
3.4. Metal Tolerance Index
3.5. Fresh Weight and Dry Weight of Early Seedlings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment (ppm) | Radicle Length (cm) | MTI (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A. pinifolia | A. subterranea | A. pinifolia | A. subterranea | |
Control | 9.30 ± 1.84 c | 5.96 ± 1.58 c | 100 ± 0.00 c | 100 ± 0.00 c |
Cd 3 | 2.38 ± 0.51 d | 1.20 ± 0.38 e | 25.63 ± 5.44 d | 20.20 ± 6.36 d |
Cd 4.5 | 2.38 ± 0.51 d | 1.20 ± 0.38 e | 25.63 ± 5.44 d | 20.20 ± 6.36 d |
Cd 6 | 0.73 ± 0.15 e | 0.98 ± 0.24 e | 7.89 ± 1.64 e | 16.49 ± 4.08 d |
Ni 150 | 0.32 ± 0.07 f | 0.57 ± 0.11 f | 3.41 ± 0.75 f | 9.57 ± 1.87 e |
Ni 225 | 0.30 ± 0.07 f | 0.37 ± 0.08 f | 3.23 ± 0.71 f | 6.20 ± 1.37 e |
Ni 300 | 0.24 ± 0.05 f | 0.28 ± 0.07 f | 2.60 ± 0.54 f | 4.61 ± 1.11 e |
As 20 | 0.88 ± 0.15 e | 1.20 ± 0.35 e | 9.41 ± 1.59 e | 20.14 ± 5.94 d |
As 30 | 0.90 ± 0.10 e | 1.16 ± 0.25 e | 9.72 ± 1.03 e | 19.44 ± 4.14 d |
As 40 | 0.80 ± 0.10 e | 0.48 ± 0.19 f | 8.65 ± 1.03 e | 7.96 ± 3.13 e |
Hg 0.8 | 10.02 ± 1.89 b | 8.41 ± 1.27 b | 107.75 ± 20.3 b | 141.2 ± 21.3 b |
Hg 1.2 | 10.67 ± 1.13 a | 9.38 ± 1.13 a | 114.68 ± 12.2 a | 157.4 ± 19.0 a |
Hg 1.6 | 10.14 ± 1.57 b | 9.09 ± 1.35 a | 109 ± 16.85 b | 152.5 ± 22.7 a |
Species | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Heavy metal | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Species × Heavy metal | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Treatment (ppm) | Fresh Weight (mg) | Dry Weight (mg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A. pinifolia | A. subterranea | A. pinifolia | A. subterranea | |
Control | 961.78 ± 36 a | 685.72 ± 151.1 a | 100.88 ± 6.2 a | 87.4 ± 10.1 a |
Cd 3 | 659.88 ± 123.2 c | 507.75 ± 98.8 b | 89.05 ± 7.6 b | 71.0 ± 15.4 b |
Cd 4.5 | 579.25 ± 39 c | 508.82 ± 113.9 b | 85.38 ± 9.9 b | 73.25 ± 11.7 b |
Cd 6 | 561.95 ± 42.8 c | 501.02 ± 9.6 b | 84.00 ± 9.6 b | 78.82 ± 6.5 b |
Ni 150 | 269.20 ± 20.8 e | 209.57 ± 4.6 c | 83.9 ± 4.7 b | 73.83 ± 16.8 b |
Ni 225 | 242.70 ± 7 e | 194.87 ± 2.2 c | 77.73 ± 2.2 b | 65.57 ± 4.1 b |
Ni 300 | 245.28 ± 33 e | 160.37 ± 15.5 c | 72.03 ± 3.2 b | 53.2 ± 10.6 b |
As 20 | 455.83 ± 35 d | 353.35 ± 51 c | 78.5 ± 3.2 b | 54 ± 3.9 b |
As 30 | 399.65 ± 54.7 d | 341.62 ± 30.8 c | 64.4 ± 12.7 c | 58.9 ± 5.6 b |
As 40 | 279.35 ± 104.8 e | 284.5 ± 56.7 c | 48.24 ± 12.7 d | 59.3 ± 15.5 b |
Hg 0.8 | 794.73 ± 151.2 b | 818.6 ± 110.3 a | 87.78 ± 5.3 b | 87.85 ± 7.6 a |
Hg 1.2 | 948.83 ± 185.7 a | 807.62 ± 171.1 a | 104.95 ± 10.1 a | 90.43 ± 13.1 a |
Hg 1.6 | 759.55 ± 7.6 b | 841.77 ± 103.6 a | 87.53 ± 3.2 b | 91.85 ± 14.1 a |
Species | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Heavy metal | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 | p < 0.0001 |
Species × Heavy metal | p = 0.0397 | p = 0.0345 |
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Parera, V.; Parera, C.A.; Feresin, G.E. Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress. Diversity 2023, 15, 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070824
Parera V, Parera CA, Feresin GE. Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress. Diversity. 2023; 15(7):824. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070824
Chicago/Turabian StyleParera, Victoria, Carlos Alberto Parera, and Gabriela Egly Feresin. 2023. "Germination and Early Seedling Growth of High Andean Native Plants under Heavy Metal Stress" Diversity 15, no. 7: 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070824