Factors Affecting Financial Losses Caused by Wild Boars in Ningxia, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
- The population density of the wild boars on each sample line was calculated using the following formula:
- The formula for calculating the average density of the wild boars in the entire survey area was:
- The population of the wild boars in the survey area was calculated using the following formula:
2.4. Model Selection
3. Results
3.1. Wild Boar Status
3.2. Livelihood System in the Study Area
3.3. Crop Damage and Financial Losses
3.4. Damage Degree and Affecting Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Location | Area | Urban Population | Rural Population | Average Temperature | Average Rainfall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yuanzhou District | 3501 km2 | 476.7k (58.21%) | 199.2k (41.79%) | 4–15 °C | 631.7 mm |
Xiji County | 4000 km2 | 70.27k (14.82%) | 403.8k (85.18%) | 2–15 °C | 686.4 mm |
Pengyang County | 3238 km2 | 66.10k (26.85%) | 180.1k (73.15%) | 3–17 °C | 463.5 mm |
Longde County | 1268 km2 | 41.74k (38.14%) | 67.7k (61.86%) | 2–14 °C | 760.0 mm |
Jingyuan County | 1443 km2 | 31.00k (36.05%) | 55.0k (63.95%) | 3–14 °C | 745.2 mm |
Location | Number of Boars | Distribution Area (km2) | Inferred Population | Boar Density (n/km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yuanzhou District | 406 | 1667 | 4488 | 2.691 |
Xiji County | 13 | 1988 | 2576 | 1.296 |
Pengyang County | 43 | 1543 | 3205 | 2.077 |
Longde County | 262 | 1004 | 3091 | 3.078 |
Jingyuan County | 628 | 1111 | 3689 | 3.320 |
Crop Type | Number of Farmers That Were Affected | % | Average Loss USD | Loss in CNY |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maize | 115 | 85.2 | 2710 | 19,592 |
Potato | 20 | 14.8 | 1414 | 10,227 |
Mean | Median | SD | Maximum | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Winter | 274 | 0 | 274 | 6410 |
Spring | 4629 | 3205 | 4629 | 38,460 |
Summer | 3822 | 3205 | 3288 | 16,025 |
Autumn | 9479 | 6410 | 8505 | 48,075 |
Odds Ratio | Estimate | Standard Error | z-Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 0.91 | −2.39 | 1.63 | −1.46 | 0.14 |
Boar Number | 1 | 0 | 0 | −1.83 | 0.07 |
Boar Density | 9.27 | 2.23 | 0.68 | 3.28 | <0.01 |
Distance | 1.08 | 0.75 | 0.02 | 3.14 | <0.01 |
Land Owned | 0.90 | −0.10 | 0.03 | −3.10 | <0.01 |
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Qing, Y.; Dong, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Meng, D.; Zhan, M.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Hu, T.; Liu, F.; et al. Factors Affecting Financial Losses Caused by Wild Boars in Ningxia, China. Diversity 2024, 16, 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16100616
Qing Y, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Meng D, Zhan M, Li Z, Zhang X, Hu T, Liu F, et al. Factors Affecting Financial Losses Caused by Wild Boars in Ningxia, China. Diversity. 2024; 16(10):616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16100616
Chicago/Turabian StyleQing, Yan, Yaxin Dong, Zhirong Zhang, Yi Zhang, Dehuai Meng, Meiling Zhan, Zongzhi Li, Xu Zhang, Tianhua Hu, Fubin Liu, and et al. 2024. "Factors Affecting Financial Losses Caused by Wild Boars in Ningxia, China" Diversity 16, no. 10: 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16100616