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Article

Detection of 2-Furaldehyde in Milk by MIP-Based POF Chips Combined with an SPR-POF Sensor

1
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli n.12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma n.29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
3
Industrial Research Institute, Lebanese University Campus Hadath, Baabda 2806, Lebanon
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sensors 2022, 22(21), 8289; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218289
Submission received: 11 October 2022 / Revised: 25 October 2022 / Accepted: 26 October 2022 / Published: 28 October 2022

Abstract

An innovative optical-chemical sensor has been used to detect the 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL) in milk. The proposed sensing approach exploits the refractive index changing in a microstructured chip based on a plastic optical fiber (POF) with orthogonal micro-holes containing a specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). This POF-MIP chemical chip modifies the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena excited in another sensor chip realized in POFs (SPR-POF) and connected in series. The proposed sensor configuration exploits MIP receptors avoiding any modification of the gold film of the SPR platform. This work reports the performance, particularly the high sensitivity and low detection limit, in complex matrices such as buffalo milk fortified with 2-FAL and in different commercial kinds of cow milk thermally treated for pasteurization. The measurements were carried out in about ten minutes by dropping the solution under-test on the planar D-shaped POF surface of the chemical chip. In contrast, on the gold surface of the SPR-POF platform, a water drop is always placed to excite the SPR phenomenon, which is modulated by the chemical chip via MIP-2-FAL binding. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated the pros and cons of the proposed sensor system. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the sensor system, the detection of 2-FAL in the diluted milk sample (1:50) was achieved. The dilution is required to reduce the interferent effect of the complex matrix.
Keywords: optical-chemical sensors; 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL); milk; plastic optical fibers (POFs); molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs); surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical-chemical sensors; 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL); milk; plastic optical fibers (POFs); molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs); surface plasmon resonance (SPR)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alberti, G.; Arcadio, F.; Pesavento, M.; Marzano, C.; Zeni, L.; Zeid, N.A.; Cennamo, N. Detection of 2-Furaldehyde in Milk by MIP-Based POF Chips Combined with an SPR-POF Sensor. Sensors 2022, 22, 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218289

AMA Style

Alberti G, Arcadio F, Pesavento M, Marzano C, Zeni L, Zeid NA, Cennamo N. Detection of 2-Furaldehyde in Milk by MIP-Based POF Chips Combined with an SPR-POF Sensor. Sensors. 2022; 22(21):8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218289

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberti, Giancarla, Francesco Arcadio, Maria Pesavento, Chiara Marzano, Luigi Zeni, Naji Abi Zeid, and Nunzio Cennamo. 2022. "Detection of 2-Furaldehyde in Milk by MIP-Based POF Chips Combined with an SPR-POF Sensor" Sensors 22, no. 21: 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218289

APA Style

Alberti, G., Arcadio, F., Pesavento, M., Marzano, C., Zeni, L., Zeid, N. A., & Cennamo, N. (2022). Detection of 2-Furaldehyde in Milk by MIP-Based POF Chips Combined with an SPR-POF Sensor. Sensors, 22(21), 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218289

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